| A | B |
|---|
| New England Colonies | Mass, Conn., Rhode Is., New Hamp. |
| Middle Colonies | New York, Pa., N.J., Del. |
| Southern Colonies | Md., Va., S.C., N.C., Ga. |
| Economy of New England | fish, shipbuilding, trading, lumbering, small farming |
| Economy of Middle Colonies | breadbasket, grain, fruits, veg. , shipbuilding |
| Economy of south | tobacco, rice, indigo, cash crops |
| William Bradford | leader of Pilgrims |
| John Winthrop | leader of Puritans |
| royal | colony ruled by King |
| proprietary | colony given to one man or small group |
| charter | self-governing colony |
| Virginia | self-governing |
| Massachusetts | self-governing |
| New York | royal colony |
| Md. and Pa. | proprietary colonies |
| Maryland fact | Toleration Act |
| Pa. fact | ruled by Quaker Wm. Penn |
| VA. fact | best leader =John Smith |
| tobacco | led to success of Va. colony |
| Southern Colonies | imported most from England |
| Northern colonies | smuggled against Navigation Acts |
| French & Indian War | conflict over domination of North America |
| Geo. Washington | began Fr. & Ind. War at Ft. Necessity |
| Treaty of Paris of 1763 | gave French colonies in N. Am. to Britain |
| Pontiac's War | conflict between Indians and Am. colonists in 1763 |
| Proclamation of 1763 | closed trans-Applachians to colonists |
| Geo. Washington | Army commander in Am. Rev. |
| John Adams | patriot, defended soldiers from Boston Massacre, supporter of Independence |
| Thomas Jefferson | wrote Dec. of Independence |
| Benjamin Franklin | supported Independence; printer, statesman |
| Sam Adams | founder of Sons of Liberty |
| Committees of Correspondence | kept colonies in touch with events leading to Am. Rev. |
| Sons of Liberty | patriotic secret organization opposed to British action in colonies |
| Boston Tea Party | reaction of colonists to tea monopoly |
| No taxation without representation | mantra of colonists in opposition to Parliament's domination |
| Declaration of Independence | established colonies free from Britain; act of rebellion; set forth principles of equality, liberty |
| Purpose of government | to secure rights of life, liberty and property |
| "Common Sense" | Thomas Paine's pamphlet outlining reasons for independence |
| Lexington & Concord | opening battles of war; to find leaders, get colonists supplies |
| Saratoga | turning point, brought France into war as an ally |
| Yorktown | last battle; defeat of Cornwallis; US wins war |
| loyalist | one who supported England in the war |
| patriot | one who supported Independence in the war |
| neutrals | fence sitters, did not take sides |
| Tories | loyalists; sided with Britain |
| Lafayette | Fr. marquis who fought for independence with Washington |
| Articles of Confederation | first written constitution of U.S. |
| Land Ordinance of 1785 | provided for orderly addition of states |
| Northwest Ordinance | organized new states in sections |
| Alexander Hamilton | called for Philadelphia Convention, first Sec. of Treasury; provided for funding of National Debt |
| Thomas Jefferson | first Sec. of State; founded Democratic Party |
| Alexander Hamilton | founded Federalist Party |
| strict construction | interpreting Constitution as written, word for word |
| loose /broad construction | interpreting Constitution with elastic clause; can stretch |
| Federalist Papers | written by Jay, Madison and Hamilton to get Constitution approved |
| Bill of Rights | first 10 Amendments to Constitution |
| Neutrality Proclamation | Washington's policy toward Br-Fr War |
| Washington's Farewell Address | "no entangling foreign alliances" |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | passed by Federalists to prevent Democrats from gaining power |
| Whiskey Rebellion | reaction to excise tax; put down by Washington; proved Constitution worked |
| Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | written by Madison and Jefferson to oppose Alien and Sed. Acts; led to nullification; civil war |
| limited government | government is bound by is own rules; does not have unlimited power; Constitution give limits |
| rule of law | government authorities must obey the same laws as everyone else |
| representative democracy | voters elect representatives who make laws for them; can replace representatives |
| unitary | does not have 3 branches; central government has all powers |
| confederation | loose network of states; no central government; unstable |
| federal | government powers are split between central govt. and states |
| common law | pertains to decisions handed down by judges |
| civil law | pertains to disputes between individuals or between individuals and government |
| criminal law | pertains to cases where government brings charges against individuals |
| civil rights | rights guaranteed in the Constitution |
| judicial | branch that interprets laws; judicial review |
| legislative | branch that makes laws |
| executive | branch that carries out laws |
| federalism | belief that states and central share some powers, are denied some powers, other rights are reserved for Central govt. and others are retained by States |
| political parties | act as watchdog over opposition party; give a choice |
