| A | B |
|---|
| Population ecology | The number of individuals of a particular species that are found in an area and how and why those numbers change over time |
| Population density | the number of individuals of a species per unit of area or volume at a given time |
| birth rate | the rate at which individuals produce offspring |
| death rate | the rate at which organisms die |
| growth rate | the rate of change of a population is the birth rate minus the death rate |
| natural increase | growth rate in humans |
| immigration | The migration of individuals into a population from another area or country |
| emigration | The migration of individuals fomr a population, bound for another area or country in which to live. |
| biotic potential | The maximun rate at which a population could increase under ideal conditions. |
| exponential population growth | The accelerationg population growth that occurs when opimal conditiona allow a constant rate of increase over a period of time. |
| environmental resistance | the limits the environment sets |
| carrying capacity (K) | the maximum number of individuals of a given species that a particular environment can support sustainably, assuming there are no changes in that environment. |
| r selection | triats that contribute to a high population growth rate |
| r-selected species | organisms that have a hight R |
| K selection | traits that maximize the chance of surviving in an environment where the number of individuals is near the carrying capacity of the environment. |
| K-selected species | do not produce large numbers of offsprings |
| suvivorship | the proportion of individuals in a population that survive to a particular age |
| density-dependent factor | Change in population density that alters how an environmental factor affects the population |
| density-independent factor | environmental factor that affects the size of a population but is not influenced by changes in population density |
| zero population | when the birth rate equals the death rate |
