| A | B |
|---|
| salvation | everlasting life: what Europeans wanted |
| missionary | People who wanted to spread their religion |
| crusades | The holy wars fought in the Middle East. Europeans found Asian goods there! |
| Renaissance | Period of time where science, education, and technology were reborn. |
| colony | A group of people who settle in another land but are ruled by another government |
| turning point | A moment in history that marks a great change |
| circumnavigate | sail completely around |
| Columbian Exchange | A global trade of goods and ideas between the East and the West |
| Conquistadors | Spanish conquerors who took land from natives |
| pueblos | Spanish towns in America |
| presidios | Spanish forts in America |
| missions | Religious settlements run by priests or friars |
| peninsulares | People born in Spain who had the highest jobs in government and the church in America |
| creoles | People born in the Americas to Spanish parents |
| mestizos | People of mixed Spanish and Indian blood |
| encomiendas | Land grants that included the right to demand labor or taxes from Native Americans |
| plantations | large estate farmed by many workers |
| northwest passage | Water route to Asia through or around North America |
| Protestant Reformation | Movement to reform the Catholic Church that led to the creation of many Christian churches |
| alliance | Agreement between nations to aid and protect one another |
| culture | Everything a group of people makes or their way of life |
| material culture | Culture that can be touched (physical objects) |
| non-material culture | Culture that cannot be touched like ideas or beliefs |
| environment | Surroundings. What all Native American cultures were based on. |
| land bridge | What the first people traveled over following animals |
| culture regions | Northwest, Southwest, Great Plains, Southeast, Eastern Woodlands, and Arctic (North) |
| Middle Ages | "Dark Ages" where everything was based on the literal teachings of the bible. |
| Great Civilizations | Greeks and Romans - influenced Europeans to want glory! |
| New Netherlands | Dutch colony in America. Today it is New York |
| New France | French colony in America that spread from Canada to Louisiana |
| Northwest Passage | Route to Asia that other European nations searched for. |
| Protestant Reformation | The break up of the Catholic church into many different Christian churches |
