| A | B |
|---|
| Amino Acid | These bond together to make long chains called Proteins (Polypeptides). |
| Carbohydrate | An organic compound used to store energy Ex. Starch or Sugar. Built in long strands of monosaccharides. |
| Chemical Bond | A force that holds molecules together. They tend to happen when two substances react with one another. |
| Chemical Reaction | A process that changes some chemical substances into others |
| Complementary Base Pair | Each type of Nitrogen Containing Base bonds with just one other type of base. Cytosine ALWAYS bonds with Guanine. Adenine ALWAYS bonds with Thymine |
| Compound | Something that is made up of two or more elements |
| DNA | Cells instruction manual that is made up of TWO polynucleotide chains |
| Double Helix | The shape that two strand of polynucleotides takes. It looks like a spiral staircase and is very strong. |
| Element | a pure substance (only made up of 1 thing) |
| Lipid | Organic molecule that is used to store energy. Made up of fatty acids. Ex. Fats or Oils |
| Matter | Anything that has a mass and takes up space |
| Monosaccharide | A simple sugar.These bond together to make long chains known as Carbohydrates (polysaccharides). Ex. Glucose or Fructose. |
| Nucleic Acid | An organic compound that is used as the instruction manual for the cell. It is made of long chains of Nucleotides. Ex. DNA or RNA |
| Organic Compound | A compound found mainly in living things. Made up of Carbon. |
| Polynucleotide | Another name for Nucleic Acid. A long chain of nucleotides bonded together. Ex DNA or RNA |
| Polypeptide | A Protein. A long strand of amino acids. |
| Polysaccharide | A long repeating chain of monosaccharides |
| Protein | An organic compound that is made up of amino acids. Proteins are used for a large number of things in the cell. Ex. Some are used to keep the structure of the cell, Some are used to signal something to happen, Some proteins carry other molecules. |
| RNA | Cells instruction manual that is made up of ONE polynucleotide chain |
| Saturated Fatty Acid | A fatty acid where the carbon atoms are bonded to AS MANY Hydrogen atoms as possible. Fatty Acid chains tend to be straight. |
| Unsaturated Fatty Acid | A fatty acid where some carbon atoms are NOT bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible. These Carbon atoms are bonded to other atoms instead. Causes the fatty acid chain to appear to be bent. |
| Nucleotide | These bond together to make long chains called Nucleic Acids (Polynucleotides). |
| Parts of a Nucleotide | 1. Sugar 2. Phosphate Group 3. Nitrogen Base |
| Four Nitrogen Bases | Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine |
