| A | B |
|---|
| rock | a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter |
| rock cycle | the series of proccesses in which rock forms, changes from one type to another, and is destroyed |
| erosion | the process through which wind, water, ice or grabity transports soil |
| deposition | the process in which material is laid down |
| uplift | movement within the earth that causes rock to be moved to the earth' s surface |
| sedimentary rock | formed by compaction and cementation |
| igneous rock | formed by magma |
| magma | formed when rock partially or totally melt |
| metamorphic rock | formed by intense heat and pressure inside the earth |
| composition | the chemical make up of a rock; describes type of minerals or material found in rock |
| texture | the quality of a rock that is based on size, texture, shape and position of a rock's grains |
| mafic rocks | dark colored igneous rocks, rich in calcium, iron and magnesium |
| felsic rocks | light colored igneous rocks, rich in aluminum, potassium, silicon, and sodium |
| fine grained igneous rocks | contains very small crystals |
| coarse grained igneous rocks | contain large, well formed crystals |
| intrusive igneous rock (IIR) | rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma below the surface |
| extrusive igneous rock (EIR) | rock that forms from magma/lava at or near the earth's surface |
| strata | layers formed by sedimentary rock |
| clastic sedimentary rock | rock or mineral fragments are cemented together |
| chemical sedimentary rock | forms from the remains of once living plants and animals |
| stratification | process in which sedimentary rock is arranged in layers |
| contact metamorphism | rock heated by magma, then changed |
| regional metamorphism | happens deep in the earth, when earth's crust collides |
| index minerals | minerals used to estimate the temperature, pressure, and depth at which a rock changes (metamorphism) |
| foliated metamorphic rock | texture in which mineral grains are arranged in planes or bands |
| nonfoliated metamorphic rock | texture of metamorphic rock in which there are no planes or bands |
| deformation | change in the shape of a rock because of the pressure placed upon it |
