| A | B |
|---|
| diffusion | the movement of particles from regions of high density to regions of lower density |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane |
| semi-permeable | only certain materials can pass through a membrane |
| passive transport | the movement of substances across a cell membrane without use of energy from the cell |
| active transport | the movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy |
| endocytosis | the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses it in a vesicle |
| exocytosis | the process in which a cell releases a particle by enclosing it in a vesicle and then moves it to the surface of a cell |
| photosynthesis | the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use light, CO2 and water to make food |
| cellular respiration | the process in which cells use oxygen to produce energy from the food that they made durring photosynthesis |
| fermentation | the breakdown of food without the use of oxygen |
| cell cycle | life cycle of a cell |
| chromosomes | in a eukaryotic cell, the structure in the nucleus that is made of DNA and protien. In a prokaryotic cell, it is the main ring of DNA |
| binary fission | cell division in bacteria |
| homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure |
| interphase | the first stage; cell grows and copies its organelles and chromosomes |
| chromatids | the original and the copied chromosome |
| centromere | region where chromatids are held together |
| mitosis | in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that that forms two new nuclei, each having the same amount of chromosomes |
| cytokenesis | the division of the cytoplasm in a cell |
| cell plate | contains the materials for new cell mambranes and cell walls during cell division |
| vesicles | sacs formed from pieces of cell membranes |
| semipermeable | only certain substances can pass through |
| interphase | copying DNA |
| prophase | mitosis begins, nuclear membrane dissovles, chromosomes condense |
| metaphase | chromosomes line up and then pair up |
| anaphase | chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell |
| telophase | nuclear membrane reforms around chromosome set |
