| A | B |
|---|
| producers | plants that make their own food |
| chlorophyll | a green pigment that captures energy from the sun |
| chloroplasts | organelles in which chlorophyll |
| cuticle | a waxy layer that cocats most of the surfaces of a plant that keeps it from drying out |
| vacuole | stores water and helps support the cell |
| cell membrane | found in plant cells, beneath the cell wall |
| cell wall | outer most layer; supports and protects plant cells |
| secondary cell wall | forms after the plant cell is mature, and will not grow anymore |
| sporophyte stage | plants make spores in this stage of development |
| gametophyte stage | females produce eggs, and males produce sperm in this stage. Fertilization must occur |
| nonvascular plant | lack specialized conducting tissues and true roots, stems, and leaves |
| vascular plant | a plant that has specialized tissues that conduct materials from one part of a plant to another |
| gymnosperm | a woody, vascular seed plant whose seeds are not enclosed by an ovary or a fruit, but by a cone |
| angiosperm | a flowering plant that produces seeds within a fruit |
| rhizoid | a rootlike structure that holds nonvascular plants in place and helps them get water and nutrients |
| rhizome | a horizontal, underground stem that produces roots, shoots, and new leaves |
| pollen | tiny granules that contain the male gametophyte of seed plants |
| cotyledons | the seed leaves of a young plant |
| conifer | "cone-bearing" |
| pollination | transfer of pollen from male cones to female cones |
| monocots | a seed plant that has one seed leafand scattered bundles of vascular tissue |
| dicots | seed plants with two seed leaves and vascular tissues that form a ring |
| xylem | vascular plant tissue that provides support and conducts water and nutrients from the roots |
| phloem | the tissue that conducts food in vascular plants |
| root cap | protects the root tips of a plant as they push through soil |
| epidermis | layer of cells that covers the surface of roots |
| herbaceous stems | stems that are soft, thin, and flexible |
| woody stems | stems that are made of wood and bark |
| sepal | in a flower, one of the outer-most rings of modified leaves that protect the flower bud |
| petal | one of the ring or rings of usually brightly colored leaf-shaped parts of a flower |
| stamen | the male reproductive structure of a flower; produces pollen |
| anther | saclike structure that produces pollen |
| filament | thin stalk that is part of the stamen |
| pistil | the female reproductive part of a flower; consists of the ovary, style, and stigma |
| ovary | lower part of a pistil that produces eggs in ovules |
| stigma | the sticky, feathery tip of the pistil in a female plant |
| ovule | contains the egg in a female plant |
