| A | B |
|---|
| atom | smallest unit of a chemical element |
| proton | positive particle in nucleus |
| neutron | neutral particle in nucleus |
| electron | negative particle outside nucleus involved in bonding |
| nucleus | the small center area of the atom where the protons and neutrons are |
| ionic bond | when one atom loses an electron to another, this strong attraction between atoms becomes oppositely charged ions |
| covalent bond | pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms in a covalent bond |
| polar compound | covalent bonding which has partial positive charges and partial negative charges due to unequal sharing of electrons |
| carbohydrates | molecules made of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen, and that do not have a carboxyl group or an amino group |
| monomer of a carbohydrate | monosaccharide |
| 2 carbohydrate monomers joined together | disaccharide |
| 3 or more carbohydrate monomers attached together | polysaccharide or complex sugar |
| uses in the body of carbohydrates | energy and energy storage |
| uses in the body of lipids | energy storage, membrane structure and other cell uses |
| monomer of a lipid | made up of a glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
| this macromolecule is also known as a fat | lipid |
| this macromolecule is also known as a sugar | carbohydrate |
| monomer of a protein | amino acid |
| essential amino acid | only found in foods (body does not produce them) |
| non-essential amino acid | body can produce them, and sometimes found in foods |
| monomer of protein that contains a carboxyl group and an amino group | amino acid |
| uses in the body of proteins | membrane structure and transport |
| Enzymes | are proteins and control all cell metabolism; can also be called catalysts |
| Catalyst | a chemical that increases the rate of a chemical reaction |
| 4 shapes of a protein | can affect its function - primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary |
| metabolism | sum total of all chemical reactions in the cell or body. |
| a type of protein that is an organic catalyst | enzyme |
| substrate | a molecule that binds with the enzyme to form an end product |
| active site | the area on the enzyme where the substrate attaches |
| substrate-specific | different types of enzymes only bind with a particular type of molecule |
| Lock & Key hypothesis | a way to describe how two pieces fit together; a way to describe an enzyme binding with a substrate |
| Help make chemical reactions happen by lowering the energy required for them to happen | catalysts |
| product | end result (molecules) after catalysis |
| Why living organisms need nutrients | to build tissues and carry out life functions |
| carbon-based polygon (such as a hexagon) | carbohydrate monomer |
