| A | B |
|---|
| Leif Erikson | explored Vinland which was west of a colony on Greenland |
| alliance | an agreement between parties that benefits both; French and Dutch had this type of agreement with the Native Americans |
| Vasco Nunez de Balboa | A Spanish colonist who explored what is now Panama. The first European to set eyes on the Pacific Ocean |
| Ferdinand Magellan | Found a strait near the tip of present day Argentina and entered the Pacific Ocean; Crewmembers were the first to circumnavigate( travel around) the world |
| Columbian Exchange | a transfer of people, products, and ideas between the Eastern and Western Hemisphere that lasted for about a century |
| strait | a narrow passage that connects two large bodies of water |
| circumnavigate | travel around |
| conquistadors | soldier adventurers from Spain's island colonies in the Caribbean |
| Hernando Cortes | A conquistador who captured Tenochtitlan from the Aztecs, destroyed it, and build Mexico City which became the capital of the Spanish colony of New Spain |
| Franciso Pizarro | a conquistador who took the Inca ruler Atahualpa, executed him, and captured the capital city of Cuzco |
| Ponce de Leon | The first Spaniard to set foot in what is now the United States; La Florida |
| de Vaca | Spanish explorer who landed at present day Galveston Island on the Texas coast |
| Coronado | A conquistador who explored what is now New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, and Kansas |
| de Soto | found the Mississippi River after traveling through the Carolinas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana |
| plantations | large farms worked by laborers who live on the property |
| encomiendas | land grants that included the right to demand labor or taxed from Native Americans |
| Bartolome de Las Casas | a priest who traveled through New Spain worked to reform the cruel treatment of Native Americans by the Spanish in New Spain |
| Moctezuma | Aztec leader |
| Christopher Columbus | Sailed for Spain; discovered the island of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Hispaniola, and the northern coast of South America |
| missions | religious settlements |
| peninsulares | Spanish colonists who were born in Spain |
| King Henry VIII | English king who broke from the Catholic church and set up a Protestant Church named the Church of England |
| mercantilism | a system that held that colonies existed to make the home country wealthy and powerful |
| northwest passage | a sea route from the Atlantic to the Pacific that passed through or around North America |
| John Cabot | Sailed for England and explored around Newfoundland and the coast of North America as far south as the Chesapeake Bay |
| Verrazano | Italian explorer who discovered the mouth of the Hudson River and the New York Bay |
| Cartier | French explorer who discovered the St. Lawrence River and present-day Montreal |
| Henry Hudson | English explorer who sailed for the Dutch and reached what is now New York; river named after him |
| de Champlain | French explorer who established a settlement that he named Quebec, and explored present day Vermont and New York |
| coureurs de bois | French term for independent traders who lived among the Indians means "runners of the woods" |
| Jacques Marquette | a French missionary who founded two missions along the Great Lakes |
| Marquette and Joliet | explored the Mississippi River |
| Vikings | jad a settlement in Newfoundland hundreds of years before Chrisopher Columbus set sail |
