| A | B |
|---|
| physical change | a change that does not change th properties of a substance |
| chemical change | a change in which one or more new substances are produced |
| weathering | the breaking down and wearing away of rocks |
| chemical weathering | weathering in which chemical change takes place |
| frost action | mechanical weathering caused by the freezing and melting of water |
| oxidation | the chemical reaction between oxygen and other substances |
| hydration | the chemical reaction between water and other substances |
| carbonation | the chemical reaction between carbonic acid and other substances |
| bedrock | the soild rock that lies under the soil |
| parent material | the pieces of rock that break away from bedrock |
| organic material | the material making up things that are now alive or were once alive |
| humus | material formed from the decaying remains of animals and plants |
| transported | a soil made of material that did not come from bedrock below it |
| residual | a soil made of material from the bedrock below it |
| texture | the size of the particles making up a soil |
| coarse soils | soils made up of large particles |
| fine soils | soils made up of smal particles |
| soil horizons | the different layers of soil |
| soil profile | a side view of the layers making up the soil |
| topsoil | name given to horizon A. The top layer |
| subsoil | name given to horizon B, te layer below the topsoil |
| mature | older soils having all three horizons |
| immature soil | younger soils lacking a subsoil |
| desert soil | soil in a dry region rich in minerals but lacking Humus |
| grassland soil | soil with rich topsoil and enough rainfalll to support the growth of many kinds of plants |
| tundra | soil in a cold climate within A and B horizon |
| leaching | the movement of minerals downward away from the topsoil |
| manure | waste from animals |
| organic fertilizers | fertilizers from the decay of dead animals |
| chemical fertilizers | chemicals that come from the ground and are usually treated before being used as |
| basic soil | a sweet soil: one having a great deal of the element calcium. magnesium, sodium, or potassium |
| acidic | a sour soild: one lacking the elements that make a soil basic |
| neutral | a soil that is neither acidic or basic |
| combined nitrogen | nitrogen combined chemically with other elements |
| free nitrogen | nitrogen that is not combined with elements |
