| A | B |
| urbanization | The movement of people to cities |
| tenements | Multistory buildings divided into crowded apartments. These buildings had no running water, only community pumps. |
| women workers | They could adapt more easily to machines and were easier to manage than men. |
| boy and girls | They were hired because they had nimble fingers and were quick moving to change spools in textile mills. |
| John Wesley | Had founded the Methodist Church and stressed the need for a personal sense of faith. |
| Methodists | They hepled to channel workers' anger away from revolution and toward social reform |
| new middle class | Members were merchants, investors, and skilled artisans |
| labor unions | These worker's organizations won the right to bargain with employers for better wages, hours, and working conditions. |