| A | B |
|---|
| Indian subcontinent | Huge landmass, surrounded by water on three sides - Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean |
| Centers of Indus Valley Civilization | Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro |
| Monsoon | Seasonal wind that may bring flooding rains during summer season |
| Rajah | Elected chief of an Aryan tribe |
| Vedas | Holy book containing the Aryans religious traditions |
| Reincarnation | Rebirth of the soul |
| Sanskrit | Written language of the Aryans; appears to mostly have been used by priests |
| Caste | Social system of the Aryans; based on birth |
| Loess | Fertile yellow soil carried by the Yellow River and by wind |
| Yellow River | River of Sorrows |
| Shang | First dynasty and civilization in China |
| Shang religion | Polytheistic; one of main gods was Shang-Ti |
| Shang writing | Used pictograms |
| Shang government | Ruled by king; king appointed nobles to govern some land |
| Mandate of Heaven | Idea that justified when new dynasties seized power; a dynasty only enjoyed blessing from the gods if it governed wisely and justly |
| Chou (Zhou) | Dynasty that defeated and incorporated the Shang peoples |
| Dynastic cycle | Rise and fall of different dynasties |
| Bureaucracy | Organizing government by departments or bureaus (for areas like finance, armed forces, law enforcement, etc) |
| Chou (Zhou) government | Feudal system in which nobles were bound to a king by loyalty; The Chou civilization was very large, and the kings needed to appoint powerful nobles to govern large parts. |
