| A | B |
|---|
| FUNCTIONS OF BONE | SUPPORTS AND GIVES SHAPE TO THE BODY (2) PROTECTS INTERNAL ORGANS (3) HELPS MAKE MOVEMENTS POSSIBLE (4) STORES CALCIUM (5) HEMOPOIESIS OR BLOOD CELL FORMATION |
| TYPES OF BONES | LONG, SHORT, FLAT, IRREGULAR |
| LONG | HUMERUS (UPPER ARM) |
| SHORT | CARPALS (WRIST) |
| FLAT | FONTAL (SKULL) |
| IRREGULAR | VERTEBRAE (SPINAL CORD) |
| FIRST STRUCTURE OF LONG BONES | (1) DIAPHYSIS OR SHAFT |
| 2ND STRUCTURE OF LONG BONES | (2) MEDULLARY CAVITY CONTAINING YELLOW MARROW |
| 3RD STRUCTURE OF LONG BONES | (3) EPIPHYSES OR ENDS OF THE BONES, SPONGY BONE CONTAINS RED BONE MARROW |
| 4TH STRUCTURE OF LONG BONES | (4)ARTICULAR CARTILAGE--COVERS EPIPHYSES AS A CUSHION |
| 5TH STRUCTURE OF LONG BONES | PERIOSTEUM--STRONG MEMBRANE COVERING BONE EXCEPT AT JOINT SURFACES |
| 6TH STRUCTURE OF LONG BONES | ENDOSTEUM--LINES MEDULLARY CAVITY |
| BONE TYPES | SPONGY AND COMPACT |
| SPONGY | TEXTURE RESULTS FROM NEEDLELIKE THREADS OF BONE CALLED TRABECULAE SURROUNDED BY A NETWORK OF OPEN SPACES, FOUND IN EPIPHYSES OF BONES, SPACES CONTAIN RED BONE MARROW |
| TRABECULAE | NEEDLELIKE THREADS OF BONE |
| COMPACT | STRUCTIONAL UNIT IS HAVERSIAN SYSTEM--COMPOSED OF CONCENTRIC LAMELLA, LUCANAE CONTAINING OSTEOCYTES, AND CANALICULI, ALL COVERED BY PERIOSTEUM |
| HAVERSIAN SYSTEM | COMPOSED OF CONCENTRIC LAMELLA, LACUNAE CONTAINING OSTEOCYTES, AND CANALICULI, ALL COVERED BY PERIOSTEUM |
| CARTILAGE | CELL TYPE CALLED CHRONROCYTE, MATRIX IS GEL LIKE AND LACKS BLOOD VESSELS |
| BONE FORMATION & GROWTH | SEQUENCE OF DEVELOPMENT EARLY--CARTILAGE MODELS REPLACED BY CALCIFIED BONE MATRIX, OSTEOBLASTS FORM NEW BONE AND OSTEOCLASTS RESORB BONE |
| OSTEOBLASTS | BONE BUILDERS OF BONE |
| OSTEOCLASTS | BONE CRUNCHERS OF BONE |
| DIVISIONS OF THE SKELETON | AXIAL, APPENDICULAR |
| AXIAL SKELETON | SKULL, SPINE, THORAX, HYOID BONE |
| APPENDICULAR SKELETON | UPPER EXTREMITIES, INCLUDING SHOULDER GIRDLE, AND LOWER EXTREMITIES INCLUDING HIP GIRDLE |
| DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE SKELETON | SIZE, SHAPE OF PELVIS, SIZE OF PELVIC UNIT, PUBIC ANGLE |
| SIZE | MALE SKELTON GENERALLY LARGER |
| SHAPE OF PELVIS | MALE PELVIS DEEP AND NARROW, FEMALE PELVIS BROAD AND SHALLOW |
| SIZE OF PELVIC INLET | FEMALE PELVIC INLET GENERALLY WIDER, NORMALLY LARGE ENOUGH FOR BABY'S HEAD TO PASS THROUGH IT |
| PUBIC ANGLE | ANGLE BETWEEN PUBIC BONES OF FEMALE GENERALLY WIDER |
| KINDS OF JOINTS | SYNARTHROSES, AMPHIARTHROSES, DIARTHROSES |
| SYNARTHROSES | NO MOVEMENT--FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE GROWS BETWEEN ARTICULATING BONES FOR EXAMPLE SUTURES OF SKULL |
| AMPHIARTHROSES | SLIGHT MOVEMENT--CARTILAGE CONNECTS ARTICULATING BONES, FOR EXAMPLE, SYMPHYSIS PUBIS |
| DIATHROSES | FREE MOVEMENT--MOST JOINTS BELONG TO THIS CLASS |
| STRUCTURES OF FREELY MOVABLE JOINTS | JOINT CAPSULE AND LIGAMENTS HOLD ADJOINING BONES TOGETHER BUT PERMIT MOVEMENT AT JOINT |
| ARTICULAR CARTILAGE | COVERS JOINT ENDS OF BONES AND ABSORBS JOINTS |
| SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE | LINES JOINT CAPSULE AND SECRETES LUBRICATING FLUID |
| JOINT CAVITY | SPACE BETWEEN JOINT ENDS OF BONES |
| TYPES OF FREELY MOVABLE JOINTS | BALL AND SOCKET, PIVOT, SADDLE, GLIDING AND CONDYLOID |
