| A | B |
| Fertile Crescent | a large arc of farmland |
| Cuneiform | first writing system based on picture symbols |
| Rural | a place in the countryside |
| Polytheism | worship of many gods |
| Social Hierarchy | dividing society by rank or class |
| Irrigation | a way of supplying water to an area of land |
| Epic | long poem that tells the story of a hero |
| Monarch | ruler of an empire or kingdom |
| Chariots | a wheeled, horse-drawn battle cart |
| Pictographs | sets of letters combined to form words |
| Urban | city like |
| Ziggurat | a tall pyramid shaped building |
| Alphabet | set of letters that can be combined to form words |
| Hammurabi's Code | a set of 282 laws that dealt with almost every part of daily life |
| Scribe | a writer |
| City state | a city and its surrounding county side |