| A | B |
|---|
| Diffusion | Movement of substances from a high concentration to a low concentration until both concentrations are equal |
| Excretion | Getting rid of waste |
| Growth | Increase in size and mass using materials from food |
| Nucleus | Control center of the cell. Contains chromosomes and genes |
| Cell membrane | Is semi-permeable and controls what leaves and enters the cell |
| Cell sap | Is a watery liquid found in the vacuole |
| Cell wall | Layer of non-living material that is found outside the cell membrane of plants. Made of mainly cellulose |
| Freely permeable | Allows everything to move into the cell (cell wall is freely permeable) |
| Concentration Gradient | Where the concentration of a substances differs over a distance |
| Organ | A collection of several tissues working to carry out a particular function |
| Digestive system | Breaks down food |
| Circulatory system | Transports materials around the body |
| Nervous system | Co-ordinates the body actions |
| Reproductive system | System allowing you to reproduce more of your own kind |
| Factors that affect the rate (how fast or slow) diffusion happens | Temperature, concentration, surface areas to volume ratio |
| Unicellular | Made from single cell |
| Cellulose | Complex carbohydrate found in the cell wall of plants |
| Invertebrates | Don’t contain a back bone |
| Hyphae | Thread like filaments found in fungi |
| Saprotrophic nutrition | Feed by secreting enzymes onto food |
| Bacteria | Small single celled organisms with a cell wall made of polysaccharides |
| Capsule | Extra layer surrounding bacteria to give protection and support |
| Chitin | Cell wall of fungi are made of this |
| Host | The living organism that a virus lives on or in |
| Hypotonic | A solution that contains more water less solute than a comparable solution |
| Isotonic | Two solutions containing equal solute and water |
| Turgid | A plant cell is …….. when it is filled with a maximum amount of water |
| Turgor | The state in a plant when its cells are turgid |
| Organelles | The structures that are found in the cell |
| Burst | Happens when an animal cell is placed in a hypotonic solution |
| Active transport | Movement of substances from a low concentration to a high concentration, against the concentration gradient |
| Feeding | Organisms either make their own food (as in plants) or eat other organism (as animals do) |
| Sensitivity | Responding to changes in the environment |
| Reproduction | Production of offspring |
| Respiration | Getting energy from their food |
| Cytoplasm | The living material that makes up a cell. It is jelly like and all of the reactions in the cell happen here |
| Chloroplast | Contain chlorophyll and allow the plant to absorb light energy so that food can be produced |
| Vacuole | filled with cell sap which contains sugars, mineral ions and other solutes |
| Mitocondrion | Organelle used to release energy from food during respiration |
| Osmosis | Movement of water form a high concentration to a low concentration until both concentrations are equal |
| Tissue | Cells with a similar function are grouped together as this |
| Organ system | Several different organs working together |
| reproductive system | allowing production of offspring |
| Excretory system | Filters toxic waste materials from the blood |
| Endocrine system | Glands secreting hormones |
| Multi cellular | Made from many cells |
| starch | Formed from joining many sugar molecules together |
| Vertebrae | Contains a back bone |
| Fungi | Contain cell wall, but can’t photosynthesis, cell wall is made of chitin |
| Mycelium | Network of hyphae found in fungi |
| plasmid | Circular chromosome found in bacteria |
| different shapes of bacteria | Rods, spirals, spheres |
| polysaccharides and proteins | Cell wall of bacteria are made of this |
| concentration | The amount of solute dissolved in solution |
| hypertonic | A solution that contains less water more solute than a comparable solution |
| plasmolysis | The pulling away of the cytoplasm form the cell wall due to placing a cell in a hypertonic solution |
| visking tubing | Used to demonstrate osmosis in a model cell |
| flaccid | Happens when a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. It loses water by osmosis |
| cellulose | Cellulose |
| shrink | Happens when an animal cell is placed in a hypertonic solution |
