| A | B |
|---|
| Stimulus | A form of energy indicating a response and detected by the receptor |
| Effector | Carries out a response (muscle) |
| Receptor | Detects the stimulus |
| Response | Is a reaction to a stimulus |
| Sensitivity | Being aware of changes in the environment |
| Homeostasis | Maintenance of a constant internal environment |
| Osmoregulation | Regulation of water balance in the blood |
| Thermoregulation | Regulation of body temperature at 37.5 |
| Nervous system | Consists of the brain and spinal cord. Allows us to detect and respond to changes |
| Hormonal (endocrine) system | Consists of glands to secret chemical messages |
| Electrical impulse | The message transmitted to and from the CNS |
| CNS | Brain and spinal cord (Central Nervous system) |
| Pathway of a simple reflex action | Receptor, sensory neuron, relay neuron, motor neuron, effector |
| Lens | Focuses light onto the retina |
| Retina | Contains rods and cones picks up stimulus and convert to electrical impulse |
| Optic nerve | Transmits the electrical impulse to the brain |
| Fovea | Place of most accurate vision |
| Blind spot | No rods and cones present so if light lands here nothing will be seen |
| Rods and cones | Receptors in the eye |
| ADH | Controls the water content of the blood |
| Adrenaline | Prepares the body for physical activity |
| Insulin | Lowers blood glucose levels |
| Progesterone | Regulates the menstrual cycle (prepares for pregnancy) |
| Oestrogen | Controls the development of secondary female sexual characteristics |
| Testosterone | Controls the development of male secondary sexual characteristics |
| Phototropism | Response of the plant to light |
| Geotropism | Response of the plant towards gravity |
| Auxins | Hormones in the plant used for growth |
| Cerebrum | Controls conscious thought, sensory input, and motor function |
| Hypothamus | Regulates water balance and temperature |
| Cerebellum | Balance and co-ordination of movement |
| Medulla | Breathing and heart rate |
| Spinal cord | Conducts messages to and from the brain |
| Pituitary gland | Secrets hormones: ADH, HGH, LH, FSH |
| Neuron | Nerve cell |
| Three types of neurons | Motor neuron, sensory neuron, relay neuron |
| Synapse | Gap between one neuron and the next |
| Motor neuron | Conducts impulses to effectors |
| Relay neuron | Interconnect the sensory neuron with the appropriate motor neuron |
| Sensory neuron | Transmits the nerve impulse from the receptor to the CNS |
| Cell body | Contains the nucleus |
| Myelin sheath | Insulates the axon preventing short cuts |
| Axon | Fibre that the nerve impulse travels along |
| Neurotransmitter | Chemical stimulates the electrical impulse to start in the next neuron |
| Accommodation | Changing focus using the cilliary muscles and the suspensory ligaments to pull the lens |
| Choroid | Prevents light reflecting in the eye |
| High auxin concentration in the shoot | Promotes growth |
| High auxin concentration in the root | Inhibits growth |
| The effect of sunlight on auxins | Move away from sunlight |
