| A | B |
|---|
| inheritance | the passing of traits by heredity |
| heredity | the passing of traits from parent to offspring |
| pure | refers to a strain that always produces offspring with a certain trait |
| strain | used to denote all organisms pure for a certain trait |
| self-pollination | a reproductive process in which fertilization occurs within a single plant |
| pollination | the transfer of pollen from anthers to stigma |
| parental generation (P1) | a strain obtained through self-pollination |
| cross-pollination | the transfer of pollen from the anthers of a plant pure for one trait to the stigma of a plant pure for the contrasting trait |
| first filial generation (F1) | the offspring produced from the cross-pollination of P1 plants |
| second filial generation (F2) | the offspring of a self-pollinated F1 generation |
| principle of dominance and recessiveness | the principle that one factor in a pair may mask the other factor |
| dominant | refers to an allele that masks the presence of another allele for the same characteristic |
| recessive | refers to an allele that is masked by the presence of another allele for the same characteristic |
| principle of segregation | the principle that two factors for a characteristic segregate during gamete formation |
| principle of independent assortment | principle that factors for different characteristics are distributed to reproductive cells independently |
| gene | a segment of DNA that codes for a particular trait |
| allele | an alternative form of a gene |
| genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism |
| phenotype | the outward appearance of an organism |
| homozygous | occurs when both alleles of a pair are the same |
| heterozygous | occurs when two alleles in a pair are different |
| multiple alleles | occurs when three or more alleles control a trait |
| probability | the likelihood that an event will occur |
| monohybrid cross | a cross between two individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits |
| Punnett square | a diagram to aid in predicting probabilities |
| testcross | used to determine the genotype of an unkonown individual |
| codominance | the phenomenon that occurs when two or more alleles influence the phenotype |
| dihybrid cross | a cross between two individuals that involves two contrasting pairs of traits |
