| A | B |
|---|
| caravel | A three-masted ship devleloped by the Portuguese for ocean exploration. (40) |
| astrolabe | An instrument that measured the position of the stars for navigation. (40) |
| The Renaissance | Time of "rebirth" when Europeans became more curious about the world. (39) |
| Marco Polo | His book about his journey to Asia inspired generations of Europeans to find better routes to Asia. (38-39) |
| Portugal | European country that began exploring the west coast of Africa by the mid-1400's. (41) |
| Arabs | These peoples made key improvements to ships like the stern rudder and the triangular sail. (40) |
| magnetic compass | A Chinese invention that European sailors began using in the 1300's to determine direction. (40) |
| The Crusades | The religious wars between Christians & Muslims where Europeans first learned of Asian goods. (39) |
| spices | Along with precious stones and silks, this is what Europeans wanted to trade for with Asians (39) |
| Italy | This country was the center of East-West trade with busy port cities like Venice & Genoa. (39) |
| Africa | Ghana, Mali & the Songhai Empire were powerful kingdoms in the western part of this continent. (41-42) |
| Cape of Good Hope | Portuguese explorer Bartholomew Dias named the Soutern tip of Africa the Cape of Storms, but the king renamed it the _________. (44) |
| Christopher Columbus | He tried to find Asia by sailing west from Europe, but found America. (45-47) |
| Portugal | This country led the world in ocean exploration in the 1400's. (44) |
| The Bahamas | Island group where Columbus first reached land in the Americas. (46) |
| Henry the Navigator | Nickname of the Portuguese prince who brought together experts in ocean exploration. (44) |
| India | Vasco Da Gama completed Portugal's eastern sea-route to Asia in 1497 when he reached this country. (44) |
| circumnavigate | Survivors of Magellan's crew were first to _______________, or sail around, the world. (49) |
| Taino | Native American group that met Columbus in 1492. (Not in the book . Rhymes with Cermeno.) |
| Spain | Columbus claimed land in the Americas for this country. (46-47) |
| Ferdinand Magellan | His journey in 1520 was the first to circumnavigate the Earth. (49) |
| Pacific Ocean | Balboa and crew were the first Europeans to see it from the Americas in 1513. Magellan named it in 1520. (49) |
| Amerigo Vespucci | He concluded the Americas were "new" continents in 1499. Geographers put his name on the map. (48) |
| Vikings | These northern Europeans reached North America centuries before Columbus. (45-46) |
| peninsulares | Highest social class in New Spain. They owned the land & ran the government. (55) |
| Seven Cities of Cibola | Conquistadors searched for these legendary cities with walls of emerald and streets of gold. (53-54) |
| Francisco Pizarro | He conquered the Inca in 1532 with less than 200 conquistadors. (53) |
| conquistadors | Spanish soldiers who came to the Americas in the 1500's for god, gold & glory. (51) |
| smallpox | Native Americans had no resistance to this deadly European disease. (53) |
| Juan Ponce de Leon | He arrived on the east coast of Florida in 1513 seeking a Fountain of Youth. (53) |
| Hernan Cortes | He led the conquistadors that conquered the Aztec in 1521. (52) |
| Hernando de Soto | He & his troops explored the American Southeast for treasure & were the first Europeans to cross the Mississippi River. (54) |
| mission | A Spanish religious community in America. (54) |
| presidio | A Spanish fort built to protect missions. (54) |
| Bartolome de Las Casas | This Spanish priest argued against the cruel treatment of Native Americans. (55) |
| encomienda | The Spanish system that allowed Conquistadors to make Native Americans slaves. (55) |
| Saint Augustine | The first Spanish settlement in what is now the U.S. (53) |
| Montezuma | The Aztec ruler who died during the Spanish conquest of Tenochtitlan. (52) |
| Northwest Passage | European explorers searched for this western water route through the Americas to Asia. (60) |
| Columbian Exchange | An exchange of plants, animals and diseases that changed life around the world. (60) |
| The Netherlands | This European nation established the colony of New Netherland in present-day New Jersey & New York. (62) |
| Quebec | The French built this settlement in present-day Canada. They built trading posts in surrounding areas. (62) |
| Protestants | Catholics and _____________ brought their religious rivalry from Europe to America. (58-59) |
| Manhattan Island | The Dutch paid the Manhates people sixty-dollars worth of goods for this island, where they built the city of New Amsterdam. (62) |
| Henry Hudson | He searched for a Northwest Passage and claimed land for The Netherlands in present-day New York. (60-61) |
| England | This European nation claimed land along the Atlantic coast of North America based on the explorations of John Cabot. (60) |
| mercantilism | The economic theory that led Europeans to compete for territory in America that could provide wealth. (59) |
| France | Rather than building colonies in America, this European nation profited from fishing and fur-trading.(61-62) |
