| A | B |
|---|
| What is heat energy? | energy that is absorbed, given up, or transferred from one substance to another |
| How is heat measured? | in Joules |
| What is internal energy? | the total amount of energy a substance contains |
| What does temperature measure? | the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance |
| How is temperature measured? | on the Celsius and Kelvin scales |
| How can heat transfer occur? | by conduction, convection, or radiation |
| How is heat transfer measured? | as a temperature change in a substance |
| What is specific heat? | the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance 1°C |
| At what temperature does water freeze? | 0°C & 273 K |
| At what temperature does water boil? | 100°C & 373 K |
| At what temperature is absolute zero? | -273°C & 0 K |
| What does absolute zero on the Kelvin scale mean for molecules in substances? | it is the temperature where molecules are so cold they don't move(they have no kinetic energy) |
| What increases the motion of a substance's molecules? | adding heat energy |
| What happens to molecules at the boiling point? | liquids become gas |
| What happens to molecules at the melting point? | solids become liquid |
| When does thermal expansion occur? | when heat causes the molecules of a substance to spread out |
| What area of the Earth receives the most direct waves of radiant energy? | warm regions near the equator |
| What are the areas sparse growth located in teh region near the North Pole called? | tundra |
| What grows in the sunny, wet climate near the equator? | lush rain forests |
| What is produced as the earth rotates beneath convection cells of constantly moving air? | global wind patterns |
