| A | B |
|---|
| Photosynthesis | the process by which plants and some other organisms capture the energy in sunlight and use it to make food |
| Autotroph | an organism that makes its own food |
| Heterotroph | an organism that cannot make its own food |
| Pigment | a colored chemical compound that absorbs light |
| Chlorophyll | a green pigment found in chloroplasts of plant; algae; and some bacteria |
| Stomata | small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move |
| Respiration | the process by which a cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain |
| Fermentation | the process by which cells break down molecules to release energy without using oxygen |
| Cell cycle | the regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo |
| Interphase | the stage of the cell cycle that takes place before cell division occurs |
| Replication | the process by which a cell makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus |
| Mitosis | the stage of the cell cycle during which the cellÕs nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one copy of the DNA is distributed into each daughter cell |
| Chromosome | a double rod of condensed chromatin; contains DNA that carries genetic information |
| Cytokinesis | the final stage of the cell cycle |
| Cancer | a disease in which some body cells grow and divide uncontrollably; damaging the parts of the body around them |
| Mutation | a change in a gene or chromosome |
| Tumor | a mass of abnormal cells that develops when cancerous cells divide and grow uncontrollably |
| Chemotherapy | the use of drugs to treat diseases such as cancer |
| Nearly all living things obtain energy either directly or indirectly from | sunlight captured during photosynthesis |
| During photosynthesis | plants and some other organisms use energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugars |
| What is the equation for photosynthesis | 6 CO2 + 6 H20 ? C6H1206 + 6 02 |
| During respiration | cells break down simple food molecules such as sugar and release the energy they contain |
| The respiration equation is | C6H1206 + 6 02 ? 6 CO2 + 6 H20 + energy |
| Fermentation provides | energy for cells without using oxygen |
| During interphase | the cell grows; makes a copy of its DNA; and prepares to divide into two cells |
| During mitosis | one copy of the DNA is distributed into each of the two daughter cells |
| During cytokinesis | the cytoplasm divides. The organelles are distributed into each of the two new cells. |
| Because of the way nitrogen bases pair with one another | the order of the bases in each new DNA molecule EXACTLY matches the order in the original DNA molecule |
| Cancer begins when | mutations disrupt the normal cell cycle causing cells to divide in an uncontrolled way |
