| A | B |
|---|
| Allah | Arabic word for ‘God’ |
| Halal | something that is permissible to use, usually referring to food |
| Islam | Arabic for ‘submission,' referring to submitting or obeying |
| Mosque | a center for prayer and community activities for a Muslim community |
| Ramadan | a month in the Muslim lunar calendar in which Muslims are expected to fast from dawn to dusk |
| Sunna (h) | the deeds of Mohammad, often seen as a role model for Muslims |
| Caliph | a secular and religious leader of the Muslim community |
| Hadith | collections of passages of the sayings and deeds of Mohammad |
| Koran | an alternative, less preferred, spelling of ‘Qur’ān’ |
| Muslim | Arabic for ‘one who submits’ referring to one who obeys God |
| Saint | a holy person |
| Sura (h) | Arabic for ‘chapter’ |
| Eid | Arabic for ‘festival’ |
| imam | Arabic for ‘teacher’ who also leads prayers in a mosque |
| Imam | when capitalized, refers to the primary teacher of the Muslim community, according to Shi’a Islam |
| Masjid | Arabic for ‘mosque’ |
| Prophet | a messenger of God who speaks on behalf of God, e.g., Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. Mohammad is the last prophet. |
| Shari'a | a code of religious and secular law in Islam used in the Muslim community |
| Ummah | Arabic for the worldwide, global Muslim ‘community’ |
| Gabriel | the angel who gave the Qur’ān to Mohammad |
| Minaret | tall, thin tower attached to a mosque, usually used for the call to prayer |
| Qur'an | the main book of Islam, means “Recitation or Reading” revealed by God to Mohammad by the Gabriel in the early 7th century |
| Sufi | a member of a Muslim mystical religious order |
| Ark | a term referring to both the container for the Torah in a synagogue |
| Angel | a messenger from God to humanity |
| Babylonian Exile | a period of 40 years when the Jewish people were exiled from Jerusalem and sent to Babylon |
| Exodus | both a book in the Torah in the Jewish Bible and also an event when the ancient Hebrew people were enslaved in Egypt |
| Haggadah | a book used with the prayers for the Seder |
| Hanukkah | Festival of Lights, an 8 day holiday commemorating the rededication of the Jerusalem Temple in 2nd century BCE. |
| Kosher | Term in Hebrew referring to something that is permitted, usually referring to food |
| Minyan | a quorum needed for public prayers |
| Mishnah | 6 part book containing the Oral Law written circa 200 CE |
| Passover | a 7 day holiday celebrating the freedom of Jews from Egypt |
| Patriarchs | the founders of a family; In Judaism, these would be Abraham, Isaac, and Joseph |
| Pentateuch | Greek for ‘5 books,’ referring to the Torah or the ‘Five Books of Moses’ |
| Pesach | Hebrew for Passover |
| Rabbi | Term for teacher in Hebrew who also leads prayers in Judaism |
| Rosh Hashanah | a holiday beginning the Jewish New Year |
| Seder | a meal during Passover to remember the Exodus |
| Shema | a short prayer that contains the key ideas of Jewish ethics considered by some as the most important prayer |
| Synagogue | a place for public prayers, education, and community center in Judaism |
| Talmud | two versions of a 6 part book containing the Oral Law circa 500 CE; based on the Mishnah plus additional rabbinic commentary |
| TANAKH | Acronym for the Jewish Bible: the Law, the Prophets, and the Writings (or Torah, Nebiim, Ketubim) Also Tanak and Tenakh |
| Torah | The core of Jewish law, the first and most important part of the Jewish Bible; the Five Books of Moses |
| Yarmulke | a skull cap worn by Jewish men in a synagogue for public prayers |
| Yom Kippur | a holiday also called the Day of Atonement in which repentance and prayer are central |
