| A | B |
|---|
| industrialization | process of moving from farm-based economy to one based on industry & inventions |
| transcontinental | across a country |
| land grants | property usually given by the government to an individual as a reward |
| Rockefeller | controlled oil industry in late 1880s |
| monopoly | complete control of industry by one company or individual |
| laissez faire | theory that government should intervene as little as possible in economic matters |
| buffalo | animal Native Americans needed for food and clothing |
| assimilation | process of taking in and make a part of one's country or community |
| Dawes Act | Native Americans should be educated; should become farmers & U.S. citizens. |
| Progressives | wanted to return control of government to people & restore economic opportunities |
| tenements | apartment houses with poor safety and sanitary conditions |
| Populism | political movement started by dissatisfied farmers; promoted rights and interests of masses |
| labor unions | groups of people who got together to protect workers' rights, get better pay and working conditions |
| strike | to stop work until certain conditions are met |
| immigration | process of coming into another country for permanent residence |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | banned Chinese immigration for 10 years (1882-1892) |
| suburbs | places to live outside of the city but not as far as the country/rural areas |
| Native Americans | people who lived in America before it became the U.S. |
| farmers | people who were against the development of the railroad |
| Andrew Carnegie | controlled the steel industry in the 1800s |
| Samuel Gompers | founder of the American Federation of Labor Union |
| Theodore Roosevelt | progressive president who wanted to offer common people a "square deal" |
| Robert M. La Follette | governor of Wisconsin who was a leader in regulating big business |
| Bessamer Process | allowed steel to be made cheaply |
| Thomas Edison | inventor of the light bulb and 1,309 patents |
| Pullman Strike | what workers did to fight their cut in pay without cut in rent or cost of goods |
| corruption | dishonesty in government |
| bribe | money given to government officials to get someone to do something |
| reformers | people who worked to solve problems in the U.S. |
| The Grange | group formed by homesteaders to make it through hard times |
| J.P. Morgan | famous, important banker |
| nativism | feeling of citizens who are against immigrants |
| political bosses | corrupt government officials who took bribes from business leaders & controlled elections |
| kickback | an illegal payment of money made in return for a favor or service |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | business leader who bribed lawmakers & wanted to control railroads |
| Jane Addams | prominent reformer of Progressive era; helped nation focus on needs of children, public health, and world peace |
