| A | B |
|---|
| Third Revolution | wave of reform that wanted to make ordinary Americans more upstanding, God-fearing, and literate |
| Abolition | Greatest reform that emerged out of the Third Revolution |
| Deists | Believed in a Supreme being, reason over revolution, humans were capable of moral behavior, and denied the divinity of Christ. |
| Unitarians | One of the most important Deist religions that believed that salvation came from good works not grace. |
| Second Great Awakening | One of the most momentous episodes in American religious history shattering old religions, introducing new religions, and spawning many reform movements. |
| camp meetings | People would gather in encampments for several days to hear hellfire gospel preached and to be 'saved'. |
| Methodists and Baptists | Gained the most members or souls from the Second Great Awakening movement. |
| Peter Cartwright | The best known of the Methodist traveling preachers. |
| Charles Grandison Finney | Preached that the earth would be perfected when Christ returned, women could offer prayers, opposed both slavery and alcohol. |
| Feminization | Key feature of the Second Great Awakening. Middle class women were the first and most fervent enthusiasts of religious revivalism. |
| Women | During the TSGA, women were embraced as spiritual equals bringing the families back to God and when they accomplished that, they turned their eyes to saving the rest of society from alcohol, slavery. |
| Burned Over District | An area in Western New York that received so many "hellfire and damnation" sermons it was given the name Burned Over District. |
| Millerites | Believed that Christ would return OCtober 22, 1844 and when they were wrong they just continued on. |
| Class differences | Like the first Great Awakening, the Second Great Awakening, the lines between classes and regions widened. |
| Slavery | Issue divided both the Southern Methodist and Baptist churches from their counterpart churches in the North who preached slavery was wrong. |
| Mormons | Emerged from the Burnt Over District. Intense persecution and the murder of their prophet sent them west to Utah. |
| Cooperative effort | One of the aspects of Mormonism that angered their neighbors who believed in rugged individualism NOT working as groups to succeed. |
| Horace Mann | Secretary for the Massachusetts Board of Education who reformed the ragged, one room school house into longer school terms, higher pay for teachers, and expanded curriculum. |
| public school | determined that tax supported schools were vital to keeping democracy safe and ensuring societal stability. |
| Noah Webster | His reading lessons were used by millions and children and his dictionary is still in use. |
| Learning will injure their brains | Widely accepted belief that if women learned too much their brains would suffer. |
| Dorothea Dix | Woman reformer of mental health institutions and prisons. |
| Temperance | Reform movement to encourage Americans to intake only moderate amounts of alcohol. |
| Higher Education | First state supported universities sprang up in the South. |
| Oberlin College | First college to open its doors to men, women, and blacks. |
| Godey's Lady Book | Read loyally by millions of women. The magazine encourage "cult of domesticity" values. |
| Abolition | Reform movement that gained the most momentum over all other reform movements during this time period. |
| Demon Rum | Name given to ever present drink problem in America due to the fact that people drank to relive boredom and hard work days. |
| American Temperance Society | Formed in Boston in 1826 and implored people to sign temperance pledges and mass public service announcements through lecturers, pamphlets, and marches. |
| "the submerged sex" | Reference to the disadvantaged role women had in America. Only in the area of rape as a crime did women fare better than European women. |
| Lucretia Mott | Quaker, one leader of the women's rights movement |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | Advocated suffrage (right to vote) for women, shocking even her fellow women's rights believers. |
| Susan B Anthony | Militant lecturer of women's rights. |
| Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell | First female graduate of a medical college. |
| Grimke sisters | Vocal abolition supporters. |
| Lucy Stoner | Refused to take her husband last name upon marriage. |
| Amelia Bloomer | First woman to wear pants and then the fashion was called wearing "bloomers" after her last name. |
| Seneca Falls Convention | New York, 1848. Women's rights followers meet and demanded voting privileges. |
| Declaration of Sentiments | Document produced at the Seneca Falls Convention that declares "all men and women are created equal." |
| Utopias | Result of the time period, people were seeking to create perfect societies of cooperation for human betterment. |
| Brook Farm | Utopian community that did relatively did well until a fire consumed the place. |
| Oneida Community | Utopian society that prospered economically by producing silverware and steel animal traps and eventually died out due to its STRANGE sexual practices that included choosing parents to produce superior offspring. |
| Scientific Achievement | While most Americans were more concerned with practical matters than pursuing scientific inventions and theories the time was not without some scientific advancements. |
| Professor Louis Aggasiz | Professor of biology at Harvard and used research as a means to teach. |
| John J. Audobon | Wrote the famous book, Birds of America, and the Audobon Society which was formed to protect birds is named after him. |
| Hudson River School | Art school that produced painters who rendered romantic images of landscapes |
| John Trumbull | Famous painter who recaptured scenes from his time in the American Revolution. |
| nationalism | Fervent feeling of being proud to be an American, produced a wave of great American writers during this time period. |
| Knickerbocker Group in N.Y. | literary group that embraced the new form and writing style. |
| Washington Irving | American writer who produced "Rip Van Winkle" and "Sleepy Hollow", and "The Sketch Book" |
| James Fenimore Cooper | American writer of "LEatherstocking Tales" and the "Last of the Mohicans" |
| Transcendentalism | Believed truth transcends the senses and cannot be found by observation alone. Everyone possesses an inner soul that can put them directly intouch with God or the "Oversoul" |
| Ralph Waldo Emerson | Most famous transcendentalist who gave the famous sppech at Harvard "THe American Scholar" |
| Henry David Thoreau | Transcendentalist who spent two years in the woods and wrote about it in "Walden: Or Life in the Woods" and "On Civil Disobedience" |
| "On Civil Disobedience" | Written by Henry David Thoreau, this essay influenced both Ghandi and Martin Luther King Jr. The essay describes resistance as being nonviolent. |
| Walt Whitman | Famous poet and most famous work is " Leaves of Grass" earning him the nickname "Poet Laureate of Democracy" |
| Professor Henry Wadsworth Longfellow | One of the most popular poets ever produced in America. |
| Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes | Poet, essayist, novelist, lecturer. Most famous work is "The Last Leaf" |
| Louisa May Alcott | Female writer of "Little Women" |
| Emily Dickinson | Female poet that lived as a recluse |
| William Gilmore Simms | Msot famous writer from the South, his writings dealt with the southern frontier during colonial days. |
| Edgar All Poe | Famous writer known for his macabe, melocholic writings that terrified and depressed his readers. He stated that he did not believe that their was much good in the world and that progress was an illusion. |
| Nathaniel Hawthorne | Writer of "The Scarlet Letter" |
| Herman Melville | Writer of "Moby Dick" where a Captain chases a whale against all common sense and dies for his obsession. |
| Historians | Finally were emerging during this time period. The majority of them came from New England and thereby skewing history in favor of the the New England region over that of the South and West until other historians came along. |
