| A | B |
|---|
| James I | Heir to Queen Elizabeth. Believed in Divine Right. Clashed with Parliment |
| Dissenters | Protestants who differed with the Church of England |
| Puritans | Sought to purify the church of Catholic praises. Believed in simpler services and a more democratic church with no bishops. |
| Charles I | James I heir. Absolute monarch. Parliment forced him to sign the petition of right. Still ignored them |
| Petition of Right | Prohibited the king from raising taxes without Parliament's consent or from jailing anyone withou legal justification |
| William Laud | Archbishop of Canterbury for Charles I. Tried to force all clergy to follow strict Anglican rules, dismissing or imprisoning dissenters. |
| The Long Parliment | On and off forom 1640-1653. Actions triggered the greatest political revolt in English history |
| Cavaliers | Supporters of Charles I. wealthy nobles. Expected a quick victory in the civil war |
| Roundheads | Supporters of Parliment. Country gentry, manufacturers, Puritan clergy. |
| Oliver Cromwell | Leader of the Rounheads. organized New Model Army made up of officers selected for social skills instead of class. Leader of the Commonwealth of England |
| Charles II | Uncrowned heir of Charles I. Tried to gain the throne from Cromwell with the help of Ireland and Scotland. Eventually was invited back to rule England after Cromwells death |
| Levellers | People who believed tat poor men should have a s much say in government as the gentry, lawyers, and other leading citizens |
| James II | Heir and Brother of Charless II. Angered subject by suspending laws on a whim and appointing Catholics to high office. Fled to France |
| William III and Mary | New rulers after James II. Before they were crowned they had to sign the English Bill of Rights |
| English Bill of Rights | Ensures superiority of Parliament over the monarchy. Required monarch to summon parliment reguarly, gave House of Commons power of the purse, king and queen couldn't interviene in Parliament debate or suspend laws. No Roman Catholic on the throne. Affirmed habeas corpus |
| Habeas Corpus | No person could be held in pr without first being charged with a specific crime |
| Toleration Act | 1689, granted limited religious freedom to Puritans, Quakers, and other dissenters. Still only members of the Church of England could hold public office |
| Limited Monarchy | Government in which constitution or legislative body limits the monarch's powers |
| Constitutional goverment | Government whose power is defined and limited by the law |
| Glourious Revolution | Bloodless overthow of King James II by William III and Mary |
| Cabinet | Handul of parliamentary advisors who set policy for the king |
| Prime Minister | Head of the Cabinet. Leader of the majority pary in the House of Commons |
| Oligarchy | A government in which the ruling pwer belongs to a few people |
| Electors | 7 leading German princes. They chose the Holy Roman Emperor |
| Ferdinand | CAtholic Hapsburg king of Bohemia. Sought to surpess Protestants and to assert royal power over nobels. Led to 30 years war |
| Defenestration of Prague | A few rebellious Protestant noblemen tossed 2 royal officials out of a castle window in Prauge. Causes a revolt which Ferdinand tried to supress |
| Mercenaries | Soldiers for hire |
| Depopulation | reduction of population. Cause by 30 year war |
| Peace of Westphalia | 1648 ended 30 years war. Aspired to bring about general European peace and to settle other international problems |
| Maria Theresa | Emperor Charles VI daughter. Convinced many to let her be his heir. After he died they ignored this |
| War of Austrian Succession. | Started when Frederick II of Prussia seized Hapsburg province of Silesia. Against Maria Theresa |
| Prussia | New Protestant power. Rulled by Hohenzollern family across north germany |
| Frederick William I | Prussian Ruler. Won over prussian nobels by giving them postions in army and government. Emphasis on military values |
| Junkers | Prussian Nobels |
| Frederick II | Son of Frederick William I. Not military inclined at all. Father imprisoned him when he tried to escape the country. However, when gained the crown went on a strong military campaign. Forced people to recognize power of Prussia. Frederick the Great. |
