| A | B |
|---|
| state | a political community that occupies a definite territory and has sovereignty |
| sovereignty | government makes and enforces its own laws without approval from any other authority.(supreme and absolute authority within territorial boundaries) |
| nation | group of people united by bonds of race, language, custom, tradition,and (sometimes)religion |
| nation-state | a country in which the territory of both the nation and state coincide |
| consensus | agreement |
| government | the institution through which a state maintains social order, provides public services, and enforces decisions that are binding on all its residents. |
| social contract | people surrender their freedom to the state, but in return, they receive order and and security |
| philosopher | on who engages in the pursuit of wisdom ( a scholar) |
| affect | to influence |
| theory | speculation based on study |
| force | the theory that the state would not exist except for the need to resist an enemy. A state emerged when everyone in an area was brought under the authority of one person or group. |
| divine right | theory that certain people are chosen by a god or gods to rule. |
| territory | The four essential features of a state are population, _____________________, sovereignty, and government |
| evolutionary | theory that the state evolved from the family. |
| unitary | a system of government that gives all key powers to the national or central government |
| federal | a system of government that divides the powers of government between the national and state or provincial government |
| confederacy | a loose union of independent states |
| constitution | a plan that provides the rules that shape the actions of government and politics. |
| preamble | a statement in the constitution that sets forth the goals and purposes of government |
| constitutional | a field of law that studies questions on how to interpret the constitution |
| politics | the effort to control or influence the conduct and policies of government |
| industrialized | nations that have generally large industries and advanced technology that provide a more comfortable way of life. |
| developing | nations only beginning to industrialize, nations tht have an average per capita incomes that are a fraction of those of industrialized nations |
| goal | aim or purpose |
| amend | to change or alter |
| benefit | something that adds to well-being, an aid |
| autocracy | system of government in which one person has all the authority and power to rule. |
| monarchy | system of government where a king,queen, or emperor inherits rule and has great power |
| oligarchy | system of government in which a small group holds power |
| democracy | a system of government in which rule is by the people, either through representatives or directly. |
| republic | a government where voters have all the power, they exercise that power by electing representatives to run the nations government. |
| political party | a group of individuals with broad common interests who organize to nominate candidates for office, win elections, conduct government, and determine public policy |
| free enterprise | the freedom of private business to operate with minimal government regulation (opportunity to control one's own economic decisions) |
| authority | the right to command or lead |
| assembly | a gathering |
| institution | establishment, practice, or organization |
| totalitarianism | a special type of single ruler government. the ruler attempts to control every aspect of society. joseph stalin is a good example. |
| economics | the study of how limited resources are used to satisfy unlimited wants |
| capitalism | an economic system in which freedom of choice and individual incentive for workers, investors, consumers, and business enterprises are emphasized. |
| capital | money or wealth that is invested to make more money |
| free market | government places no limit on the freedom of buyers and sellers to make economic decisions |
| laissez-faire | "let alone" no government inteference in the economy. It is the action of the buyers and sellers, not the government, that determines what is produced and bought. |
| socialism | economic system in which the government owns the basic means of production, determines the use of resources, distributes the products and wages, and provides social services such as education, health care, and welfare. |
| proletariat | the industrial working class that Marx referred to. |
| bourgeoisie | the owners of industry- the middle class. |
| communism | an economic system in which the central government makes all major economic decisions |
| command economy | an economic system in which the government controls the factors of production |
