| A | B |
| civilaization | a culture marked by developments in the arts, sciences, government, and social structure |
| city-state | an early city that was like a small country |
| aqueduct | a pipe or channel that brings water from distant places |
| scribe | a person that writes |
| empire | a large territory in which several groups of people are ruled by a single leader or government |
| social structure | the way a society organizes groups of people based on things like wealth, and property ownership |
| archeologist | an expert who studies the past by examinining objects that people have left behind |
| historian | an expert who studies and records the past by examining objects that people have left behind |
| geographers | an expert who studies the past by examining objects that people have left behind |
| artifact | an object made or used by people in the past |
| levee | a wall of earth built to prevent a river from flooding its bank |
| siege | a military blockade and attack on a city to force it to surrender |
| prehistoric | before written history |
| ritual | relating to a ceremony, such as a religious ceremony |