| A | B |
|---|
| Paleo-Indians | earliest humans in America |
| Bering Strait | narrow body of water separating North America and Asia |
| Ice Age | time period when it was possible to walk from Asia to America |
| pueblo | dwelling of southwestern Indians |
| Cahokia | major Native American trading center |
| Columbian Exchange | trading of biological and cultural matter across the Atlantic |
| East Indies | goal of Columbus |
| West Indies | islands discovered by Columbus |
| Portuguese | early European explorers of the African coast |
| Treaty of Tordesillas | agreement which set the Papal Line of Demarcation |
| Tenochtitlan | major Aztec city |
| Cortez | Spanish conquistador in Mexico |
| Pizarro | Spanish conquistador in Peru |
| Northwest Passage | hoped-for (but non-existent) water route through North America |
| Magellan | captain of first ship to circumnavigate the globe |
| Franciscans | European religious order which sent missionaries to America |
| tortillas | example of traditional American food adapted by European immigrants |
| Chesapeake Bay | area of Virginia and Maryland |
| Roanoke Island | first English settlement in America |
| Jamestown | first permanent English settlement in America |
| Chumash | Native Americans living in large villages in California |
| Anasazi | cliff-dwelling Native Americans of Colorado and New Mexico |
| Spanish Armada | fleet defeated by the English during the reign of Elizabeth I |
| Virginia Company | English corporation with a royal charter to develop settlements in America |
| Powhatan | Algonquian leader who allied himself with the settlers of Jamestown |
| Starving Time | winter of 1609-1610 in Jamestown |
| indentured servitude | type of temporary unfree labor |
| Anthony Johnson | African American landowner (originally a servant) in early Virginia |
| Maryland | colony founded as a refuge for English Catholics |
| tobacco | cash crop that made Virginia profitable |
| Bacon's Rebellion | colonial uprising against a governor who was seen as ineffectual against the Indians |
| Barbados | major cultural influence on South Carolina |
| sugar plantations | major economic feature of Barbados |
| English Reformation | break with the Catholic church begun by Henry VIII |
| Pilgrims and Puritans | early English settlers in Massachusetts |
| Squanto | Native American who helped the New England settlers |
| Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams | religious dissidents in Massachusetts |
| King Philip's War | war between New England colonists and Wampanoags in the late 1600s |
| Rebecca Nurse | woman accused of witchcraft during the Salem Witch trials |
| John Winthrop | first leader of Massachusetts Bay colony |
