| A | B |
|---|
| Conquistadors | Spanish conquerors. Travled to the Americas |
| Hernan Cortes | Conquistador. Conquered the Aztecs and Tenochtitlan. Pretended to be a god |
| Malinche | Called Dona Maria by the Spanish. Was a translator for Cortes and the Aztecs |
| Moctezuma | Aztec emperor. Welcomed Cortez to the capital. Was then imprissoned where he was forced to sign over Aztec land |
| Fancisco Pizzaro | Conquered the Incas. Captured the Incan ruler demanded a ransom, and then killed him. |
| Viceroys | Representatives of the Spanish king who ruled in his name in the Americas |
| Bartolome de Las Casas | Condemed the evils of the Spanish encomienda system. Encouraged the king to forbid enslavement of native americans. Encouraged the use of Africans as slaves instead |
| Encomiendas | The right of the Spanish to demand labor from the Native Americans. Forced native to work in horrendous conditions |
| Peons | Native workers forced to labor for a lord in order to pay off debt |
| Peninsulares | People born in spain. Top of social hierarchy |
| Mestizos | People of Native American and European descent |
| Creoles | American bord descendents of Spanish settlers |
| Mulattoes | People of African and European descent. Lowest social class |
| Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz | Greatest poet to write in Spanish. Because she was women she was denied entrance into University of Mexico. Went to a convent instead. |
| Privateers | Pirates who opperate with the approval of European governments |
| Pilgrams | English Protestants who rejected the Church of England. They were seeking religous freedom. Settled in America |
| Olaudah Equiana | An enslaved African. Made up the triangle trade |
| New France | French Canada |
| Jaques Cartier | Discovered St. Lawrence River. Claimed much of present day Canada for France through exploration |
| Samuel da Champlain | Established Quebec in 1608 |
| Revenues | Income. Louis XIV established the collection of taxes from overseas colonies |
| John Cabot | Foud rich fishing grounds off Newfoundland and claimed for England. Navigator. |
| Jamestown | 1st permanent English Colony in Virginia. 1607. Early years of colony were horrible. Saved by Tobacco |
| Plymouth | Settled by English Pilgrams in 1620 |
| Mayflower compact | set out guidelines for governing Pilgrams north american colony |
| Compact | Agreement among people |
| Royal Goveners | Appointed to rule the colonies |
| Representative assembly | 1 government body of English colonies. An elected group of men that advised the governor and made decisions on local issues |
| French and Indian War | 1754-1763. War between Britain and France. Also known as Seven Years War worldwide |
| Treaty of Paris | 1763. Officially ended the Seven Years War. Ensured British dominance in North America |
| Triangular Trade | Triangle shaped series of Atlantic trade routes linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas |
| 1st leg of Triangle Trade | European goods to Africa |
| 2nd leg of Triangle Trade | Middle Passage. Slaves were transported to the Americas |
| 3rd leg of Triangle Trade | American goods (sugar, molasses and cotton) went to Europe |
| Commodities | Anything bought and sold |
| Mutinies | Revolts by captives |
| Columbian Exchange | Vast global exchange of goods, ideas, plants and animals, disease that began with Christopher Columbs' exploration of Americas |
| Inflation | Rise in prices that is linked to a sharp increase in the amount of money available |
| Price Revolution | Period in European industry when inflation rose rapidly |
| Capitalism | economic system in which most businesses are owned privately |
| Entrepreneurs | People who take on financial risk to make profits. Key to success of Capitalism |
| Joint Stock Companies | Allowed people to pool large amounts of capital needed for overseas ventures. Individuals who invested in these companies could join in profits the company made. |
| Mercantilism | Pollicy by which nations sought to export more than it imported in order to build its supply of gold and silver |
| Tariffs | Taxes on imported goods. Designed to protect local industries from foreign competition by increasing the price of imported goods |
