| A | B |
|---|
| law of inertia | a body at rest will stay at rest unless... |
| law of acceleration | F=ma |
| law of reaction | applied force is met by an equal reaction force |
| motive force | causes increase in speed or change in direction |
| resistive force | resists the motion of another external force |
| concentric contraction | muscle is the motive force and shortens |
| eccentric contraction | muscle is the resistive force and lengthens |
| lever | bar with a fixed point around which it rotates |
| fulcrum | fixed point in a lever |
| flexion | decreasing the angle between two bones |
| extension | increasing the angle between two bones |
| hyperextension | continuing extension past neutral |
| dorsiflexion | moving the top of the foot to the shin |
| plantarflexion | moving the sole of the foot downward |
| abduction | motion away from the midline |
| adduction | motion toward the midline |
| elevation | moving the scapula to a superior position |
| depression | moving the scapula to an inferior position |
| inversion | lifting the medial border of the foot |
| eversion | lifting the lateral border of the foot |
| rotation | turning about an axis in the transvers plane |
| circumduction | motion that describes a cone |
| opposition | unique human thumb movement |
| isometric contraction | tension with no change in muscle length |
| torque | created when a force acts on a lever |
| 1st class lever | Ra is smaller than Fa |
| 2nd class lever | Ra is equal to Fa |
| 3rd class lever | Ra is longer than the Fa |
| longitudinal muscles | parallel fiber arrangement; promotes speed |
| penniform muscles | fibers arranged diagonally; promotes force |
| agonist (prime mover) | muscle that causes a desired motion |
| antagonist | opposes the action of the agonist |
| synergist | assist the agonist in a desired action |
| co-contraction | agonist and antagonist contract together |
| stability | resistance to change in position |
| range of motion | degrees an articulation will allow a segment to move |
| posture | arrangement of the body and its limbs |
| center of gravity (COG) | approximately the second sacral vertebra |
| line of gravity | drops through the COG, leaving two hemispheres |
| base of support | area between the feet on a supporting surface |
| iliopsoas | flexion and external rotation of hip |
| rectus femoris | flexion of hip; extension of knee |
| sartorius | flexion and external rotation of hip |
| tensor fasciae latae | flexion and internal rotation of hip |
| pectineus | flexion and external rotation of hip |
| gluteus maximus | extension and external rotation of hip |
| biceps femoris, semitendonosus, semimembranosus | extension of hip; flexion of knee |
| deep external rotators | external rotation of hip |
| gluteus medius and minimus | abduction of hip |
| adductor brevis, longus, magnus | adduction of hip |
| rectus femoris, and vastus medialis, lateralis, intermedius | extension of the knee |
| patellar tendon | increases the mechanical advantage of quadriceps |
| sartorius, popliteus, gastrocnemius, gracilis | secondary knee flexors |
| anterior tibialis | dorsiflexion of ankle |
| gastrocnemius and soleus | plantarflexion of ankle |
| peroneus longus and brevis | eversion of ankle |
| anterior and posterior tibialis | inversion of ankle |
| kyphosis | increased posterior thoracic curve |
| lordosis | anterior tilt of the pelvis |
| flat-back posture | posterior tilt of the pelvis |
| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of spine |
| multifidi and transverse abdominus | stabilize the core prior to limb movement |
| rectus abdominus | flexion and lateral flexion of trunk |
| internal obliques | lateral and forward flexion; same side rotation |
| external obliques | lateral and forward flexion; opposite rotation |
| transverse abdominus | compress abdomen |
| erector spinae | extension and lateral flexion of spine |
| adduction of scapula | retraction of the scapula |
| abduction of scapula | protraction of the scapula |
| serratus anterior and pectoralis minor | anterior shoulder girdle muscles |
| trapezius, rhomboids, levator scapulae | posterior shoulder girdle muscles |
| upper trapezius | elevation of scapula |
| middle trapezius | adduction of scapula |
| lower trapezius | depression of scapula |
| rhomboids | adduction of scapula |
| levator scapula | elevation of scapula |
| pectoralis minor | stabilization of scapula |
| serratus anterior | stabilization of scapula |
| pectoralis major | horizontal adduction of shoulder |
| anterior deltoid | flexion and internal rotation of shoulder |
| middle deltoid | abduction of shoulder |
| posterior deltoid | horizontal abduction of shoulder |
| latissimus dorsi | extension and adduction of shoulder |
| teres major | extension and adduction of shoulder |
| subscapularis | internal rotation of shoulder |
| supraspinatus | abduction of shoulder |
| infraspinatus | external rotation of shoulder |
| teres minor | external rotation of shoulder |
| scapulohumeral rhythm | arm and shoulder blade rhythm during movement |
| kinesiology | mechanics and anatomy in relation to movement |
