| A | B |
|---|
| brainstem | medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain |
| diencephalon | hypothalamus and thalamus |
| cerebellum | under occipital lobe of cerebrum |
| cerebrum | largest part of brain |
| corpus callosum | connects right and left cerebral hemispheres |
| cerebral cortex | outer layer of cerebrum/consists of gray matter |
| gyri | ridges of cerebral cortex |
| sulci | grooves of cerebral cortex |
| fissures | deep sulci or grooves |
| longitudinal fissure | divides right and left hemispheres |
| basal ganglia/cerebral nuclei | regions of gray matter in the inner part of cerebrum |
| frontal lobe | control of conscious thought, muscles, motor speech |
| temporal lobe | controls hearing |
| parietal lobe | controls body sense perception/sensory speech |
| occipital lobe | controls vision |
| Broca's area | area of frontal lobe involved with motor speech |
| Wernicke's area | area of parietal lobe involved with sensory speech |
| cerebral vascular accident (stroke) | hemorrhage (bleeding) from or blockage of blood vessel in brain |
| cerebral palsy | damage to motor control areas of cerebrum due to lack of oxygen during birth |
| dementia | progressive loss of memory, attention span, personality, intellect |
| Alzheimer's disease | causes dementia/possibly caused by old age, genetic predisposition |
| Huntington disease | genetic disease that causes dementia |
| HIV virus | can infect neurons and cause dementia |
| EEG (electroencephalogram) | measurement of electric voltage in brain used to evaluate brain activity |
| MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) | uses magnets to produce images of brain |
| CAT scan | uses x-rays to image the brain |
| epilepsy | recurring seizures caused by electrical disturbance in brain |
| 17-18 inches | length of spinal cord |
| end of first lumbar vertebrae | point at which spinal cord ends |
| gray matter | found on outside of brain/inside of spinal cord |
| white matter | found on inside of brain/outside of spinal cord |
| ascending tracts | bundles of myelinated axons from sensory neurons |
| descending tracts | bundles of myelinated axons from motor neurons |
| anesthesia | loss of sensation |
| paralysis | loss of voluntary movement |
| meninges | tough, fluid-filled membrane covering CNS |
| dura mater | outside layer of meninges |
| arachnoid mater | middle layer of meninges |
| pia mater | inner layer of meninges |
| Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) | fills arachnoid mater and ventricles |
| ventricles | spaces in brain, filled with CSF |
| four (2 lateral, third, and fourth) | number of ventricles in brain |
| choroid plexus | network of capillaries in ventricles, which produce CSF |
| hydrocephalus | build-up of CSF in brain |
| lumbar puncture | withdrawal of CSF from meninges in lumbar region of spine |
| cranial nerves | nerves that connect brain to head and neck |
| optic nerve | cranial nerve connecting brain to eyes |
| oculomotor nerve | cranial nerve connecting brain to eye muscles |
| vagus nerve | cranial nerve connecting brain to neck, leads to heart |
| spinal nerves | nerves extending from spinal cord to regions of body not served by cranial nerves |
| dermatome | mapping of body surface to reveal connection between peripheral nerve and spinal nerve |
| autonomic nervous system | consists of motor neurons that conduct impulses to heart, smooth muscle, and glands |
| sympathetic nervous system | part of ANS involved in emergency response |
| parasympathetic nervous system | part of ANS involved in ordinary "normal" response |
| ganglion | junction box between two autonomic nerves |
| acetylcholine | neurotransmitter produced by parasympathetic postganglionic nerve |
| adrenalin | neurotransmitter produced by sympathetic postganglionic nerve |
| medulla oblongata | part of brainstem that influences heartbeat |
| pons | part of brainstem that influences respiration |
| hypothalamus | controls homeostasis, secretes ADH |
| thalamus | associates sensation with emotion |
| cerebellum | controls balance, coordination, posture |
| Somatic nervous system | Part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles. The SoNS consists of efferent nerves responsible for stimulating muscle contraction, including all the non sensory neurons connected with skeletal muscles and skin. |
