| A | B |
|---|
| The passing of traits from parents to offspring | Heredity |
| The branch of Biology that focuses on Heredity | Genetics |
| A cross that involves one pair of contrasting traits | Monohybrid |
| Organisms that are homozygous for a specific trait and always produce offspring that have the same trait. For example: a purple flowering plant that always produces offspring with purple flowers. | True-breeding |
| Parent generation | P generation |
| First filial (offspring) generation | F1 generation |
| Second filial (offspring) generation | F2 generation |
| Different versions of a gene | Alleles |
| The expressed form of a trait | Dominant |
| The trait that is not expressed | Recessive |
| Two alleles of a gene that are the same. Such as RR or rr | Homozygous |
| Two alleles of a gene that are different. Such as: Rr | Heterozygous |
| The combination of GENES for a specific trait | Genotype |
| An organism's PHYSICAL appearance or characteristic that results from their genotype | Phenotype |
| A diagram that predicts the outcome of a genetic cross | Punnett Square |
| A cross in which an individual with a dominant trait (but the genotype its unkown) is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual to determine that parent's genotype. | Test Cross |
| The likelihood that a specific event will occur. Expressed as fraction, percentages, or ratios | Probability |
| A family history showing how traits are inherited over generations | Pedigree |
| Alleles carried on X or Y chromosomes | Sex-linked genes |
| Several genes influence a trait. Such as eye color | Polygenic Inheritance |
| An intermediate phenotype is displayed by a heterozygous individual. Such as pink flowering offspring from red and white parent plants. | Incomplete Dominance |
| Genes with three or more alleles. Such as: Blood Type | Multiple Alleles |
| Genes with two dominant alleles. Such as: Blood Type | Codominance |
| Two examples of phenotypes influenced by environmental factors. | 1. Hydrangea flower color and pH 2. Arctic fox fur color and temperature |
| Purple flower color is dominant to white flowers in pea plants. What is the genotypic ratio of the offspring from two hetreozygous parents? | 1 (25%)PP : 2 (50%)Pp : 1 (25%)pp |
| Purple flower color is dominant to white flowers in pea plants. What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring from two hetreozygous parents? | 3 (75%)Purple : 1 (25%)White |
| Purple flower color is dominant to white flowers in pea plants. What is the genotype of a Purple Parent if the phenotypic ratio of the offspring is 50% Purple and 50% White. Hint - do a test cross. | Pp |
| Dimples (D) is dominant to no dimples (d). The probability of parents with Dd and DD genotypes having a child with dimples is | 100% |
| Tall (T) in pea plants is dominant to short (t). The genotypic ratio of the offspirng are 50% Tt and 50% tt. What are the genotypes of the parents? | Tt and tt |
| Tall (T) in pea plants is dominant to short (t). The genotypic ratio of the offspirng are 50% Tt and 50% tt. What are the phenotypes of the parents? | Tall and short |
| Tall (T) in pea plants is dominant to short (t). The genotypic ratio of the offspirng are 50% Tt and 50% tt. If this cross produced 240 offspring, how many offspring would be expected to have the short phenotype? | 120 (50%) |
| For a Dihybrid Cross, R=round r=wrinkled and Y=yellow y=green: The parents' genotypes are RrYy x RrYy, what are the possible gametes from the parents of this cross? (Hint: letter combinations used across the top and on the left side of the punnett square) | RY Ry rY ry for both parents |
| For a Dihybrid Cross, R=round r=wrinkled and Y=yellow y=green: The parents' genotypes are RrYy x rryy, what are the genotypic possibilities for this cross? | 25% RrYy ; 25% Rryy ; 25% rrYy ; 25% rryy |
| For a Dihybrid Cross, R=round r=wrinkled and Y=yellow y=green: The parents' genotypes are RrYy x rryy, what are the phenotypic possibilites for this cross? | 25% Round Yellow ; 25% Round Green ; 25% Wrinkled Yellow ; 25% Wrinkled Green |
