| A | B |
|---|
| emigrant | people who leave a country |
| immigrant | people who settle in a new country |
| nativist | Native-born Americans who wanted to eliminate foreign influence |
| revival | a meeting to reawaken religious faith |
| Second Great Awakening | the renewal of religious faith in the 1790s and early 1800s |
| Temperance Movement | led by churches, campaign to stop the drinking of alcohol, supported by women and business owners |
| Labor Union | group of workers who band together to seek better working conditions |
| Horace Mann | reformer for public education |
| Dorothea Dix | reformer for mentally ill |
| Frederick Douglass | leading abolitionist and women's suffragist; excellent public speaker |
| Sojourner Truth | leading abolitionist and women's suffragist, devout Christian |
| Underground Railroad | series of escape routes leading from the south to the north |
| Harriet Tubman | leader of Underground railroad; Moses of her people |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | Women's suffrage leader; father always said, "why weren't you a boy?" |
| Seneca Falls Convention | held for women's rights |
| Wilmot Proviso | bill to outlaw slavery in territories taken from Mexico |
| Free-Soil Party | political party dedicated to stopping the expansion of slavery |
| Henry Clay | the "Great Compromiser"; created both the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850 |
| Daniel Webster | Sen. from Mass.; supported the Compromise of 1850 |
| Stephen A. Douglas | Sen from Ill.; supporter of Compromise of 1850 (his job to get the compromised passed) |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | author of Uncle Tom's Cabin |
| Popular Sovereignty | a system where the residents vote to decide an issue |
| Republican Party | joined the Northern Whigs and other opponents of slavery and formed this political party |
| James Buchanan | won election of 1856; former minister to Great Britain |
| Dred Scott v. Sandford | slave suing for freedom |
| Roger B. Taney | Supreme Court Chief Justice |
| Fugitive Slave Act | returned slaves to owners |
| Abraham Lincoln | won the election of 1860; against expansion of slavery |
| Harpers Ferry | arsenal in Virginia that John Brown planned to capture |
| Secede | to withdraw from the union |
| Confederate States of America | states that seceded formed a new "nation" |
| Jefferson Davis | President of the Confederacy |
| Crittenden Plan | a compromise introduced in 1861 that might have prevented secession |
| Robert E. Lee | opposed slavery and secession but out of loyalty became a general for the Confederacy |
| Border state | a slave state that bordered states in which slavery was illegal |
| Anaconda Plan | a strategy by which the Union proposed to defeat the Confederacy in the Civil War |
| Blockade | when armed forces prevent the transportation of goods or people into or out of an area |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Union General who was the leader at the Battle of Shiloh |
| Calvary | soldiers on horseback |
| Seven Day's Battle | an 1862 Civil War battle in which the Confederacy forced the Union to retreat before it could capture the southern capital of Richmond |
| Emancipation Proclamation | an executive order issued by Abraham Lincoln on Jan. 1, 1863, freeing the slaves in all regions in rebellion against the Union |
| 54th Massachusetts Regiment | one of the first African-American regiments organized to foght for the Union in the Civil War |
| Battle of Gettsyburg | an 1863 battle in the Civil War in which the Union defeated the Confederacy, ending hopes for a Confederate victory in the North |
| Picketts Charge | General George Pickett led a direct attack on Union Troops during the 1863 Civil War battle at Gettysburg; the attack failed |
| William Tecumseh Sherman | Union General who lost three horses that were shot out from under him at the Battle of Shiloh |
| Appomattox Court House | the Virginia town where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in 1865, ending the Civil War |
| Fort Sumter | a federal fort located in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the Southern attack on the fort marked the beginning of the Civil War |
| First Battle of Bull Run | an 1861 battle of the Civil War in which the south shocked the North with a victory |
| Battle of Antietam | a Civil War battle in 1862 in which 25,000 men were killed or wounded |
| Siege of Vicksburg | an 1863 Union victory in the Civil War that enabled the Union to control the entire Mississippi River |
| Steerage | the cheapest deck on a ship |
| Prejudice | a negative opinion that is not based on facts |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | expressed the moral issues of slavery in a highly dramatic way |
| Push-Pull Factors | population growth, agricultural changes, crop failures, Industrial Revolution, Religious and Political Turmoil and freedom, economic opportunity, and abundant land |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | law to organize Kansas and Nebraska territories; overturned Missouri Compromise; caused violence in Kansas |
| Abolition | against slavery |
| Women's Suffrage | for women's right to vote |
| Election of 1860 | 4 candidateswith different views on slavery |
| Compromise of 1850 | laws meant to settle problem of slavery; California became free state; new fugitive slave law passed; caused conflict by failing to resolve slavery issue |
| Effects of Civil War | North-mild inflation; South-severe inflation |
| Draft Laws | all able-bodied white men between the ages of 18 and 45 |
| Turning Points of Civil War | 8 key battles and events that determined the outcome of the Civil War |
| A Life in the Army | Majority were 18 - 30 years of age, farmers, born in US, volunteers; poor hygiene; tough schedule; military advanced - rifle, minie ball, ironclads |
