| A | B |
|---|
| Andes Mountains | The worlds' longest mountain chain, stretching along the west coast of South America |
| Great Lakes | A group of five large freshwater lakes on the border between the United States and Canada |
| Tundra | A vast treeless plain in arctic or subarctic places such as Alaska |
| Candian Shield | A large rocky plain in northern Canada that was formed by glaciers during the Ice Age |
| Isthmus | A narrow strip of land that connects two larger land masses |
| Timberline | An imaginary line on a mountain above which trees cannot grow |
| Tenochtitlan | The capital of the Aztec empire, founded around 1325 on the site of present day Mexico City |
| Valley of Mexico | A fertile valley between two mountain chains in central Mexico |
| Lake Texcoco | A lake in what is now Central Mexico on which the Aztecs built Tenochtitlan |
| Chinampas | Islands made in a lake by the Aztec for farming |
| Tribute | a tax, usually paid in the form of crops, for protection from a powerful ruler |
| Triple Alliance | The pact that the Aztec made with the forces of Texcoco and Tlacopan in 1428 in order to gain contrl of the Valley of Mexico |
| Codex | System of Aztec writing that used colorful picutres and symbols drawn on long, folded sheets of paper |
| Distortion | Errors that make a map less accurate |
| Pachakuti | Inca emperor from 1438 to 1471; he greatly extended Inca borders in 1438 and became known as the Sapa Inca |
| Terraces | A level platform of earth, cut into a hillside, usually for farming |
| Quipus | A knotted coed used for record-keeping by the Inca |
| Machu Picchu | A mountaintop city built by the Incas, possibly as a monastery for Incan priest |
| Diversity | Differences; variety |
| Bowating | A trading center founded by the Ojibwa between lakes Superior and Huron |
| Three Fires Council | League of Potawatomi, Ottawa, and Ojibwa tribes whose purpose was trade |
| Wigwams | A dome shaped dwelling built by the Ojibwa made from birch bark and cattail reeds |
| Cuzco | A village in Peru in which the Inca empire began. |
