| A | B |
|---|
| nationalism | devotion to the interests and culture of one's nation |
| imperialism | building empires by taking over and colonizing other weaker lands |
| militarism | the glorification of armed strength by building an armed forces then using it as a forceful tool of diplomacy |
| alliances | a group of nations that agree to fight with each other if needed |
| assassination of archduke Franz Ferdinand | this assassination leds to the beginning of WWI |
| powder keg of Europe | The Balkans region of Europe. Also the region that "sparked" or ignited WWI |
| no man's land | the area between two enemy lines. Filled with barbed wire and mines |
| trench warfare | where armies fought for mere yards of ground. Prolonged the war and caused many casualties. |
| Neutrality | When a country does not choose sides in a war. America was neutral until events forced them to join WWI. |
| Lusitania | Passenger ship that was sunk by a U boat, killing 128 Americans and angering the US. |
| U-Boat warfare | Underwater boat or submarines that were sinking merchant, passenger, and military ships of the English, French, and the US. |
| Sussex Pledge | Promise by the Germans that they would only sink a boat after warning it and saving any passengers that survived. |
| Zimmerman Note | The last straw for the US. Germany asked Mexico to ally against the US & in return Germany would help Mexico get back Arizon, New Mexico, and Texas. |
| April 2, 1917 | US declares war on Germany. Woodrow Wilson declares that the "world must be made safe for democracy" |
| Selective Service Act | FIRST draft in US history. All men ages 21 to 30 were required to register to possibly be drafted into service. |
| Over There | Nickname given to where US soldiers were headed. Europe. |
| Western Front | Battle lines found in France. Germans were the enemy on the other side. |
| mass production | The US has to turn the economy into a war machine and they did this by creating a system of mass production. |
| convoy system | occurred when US ships would be escorted by destoryers so as not to be torpedoed by U-Boats. It works. Not a single life is lost after convoy system. |
| Industrial Age War | WWI is a war of new weapons: mustard gas, tanks, planes, machine gun. |
| conscientious objector | a person who opposed the war on moral grounds (all war is wrong). |
| Alvin York | the most famous of conscientious objectors of WWI. He does eventually go "over there" where he & 6 other doughboys kill 25 Germans and capture another 132. WOW! |
| dougboys | nickname given US soliders "over there" |
| Wilhelm II | German leader who flees, Germany collapses and finally there can be peace |
| Armistice | cease fire or peace. November 11, 1918. |
| War Industries Board | US regulartory body to enforce laws and keep businesses producing. |
| Food Administratin | US group that instituted RATIONING like "meatless" and "wheatless days" |
| propaganda | form of advertising to plays on people's emotions to get them to act/believe a certain way. War propaganda is to define the enemy and what is patriotic behavior. |
| George Creel | Head of the Committee on Public Information, a group that was the US FIRST propaganda agency. |
| Civil Liberites attacked | Every war produces an attack on personal liberties. WWI was no exception. Free of speech,press, and immigrants were targeted. |
| anti-immigrant hysteria | German immigrants in the US were targeted. Remember the picture we looked at of the two baker boys?? |
| Espionage and Sedition Acts | A person could be fined or sentenced to 20 YEARS in jail for interfering with the war effort or saying anything disloyal, profane, abusive about the government or war effort. Freedom of speech and press is attacked here. |
| socialists and labor leaders | the two groups that were targeted in the Espionage and Sedition Acts. |
| Eugene V. Debs | Handed a ten year prison sentence for speaking out against the war and the draft. |
| Great Migration | Occurred when 1/2 million black Americans traveled to the North for better jobs and wages. |
| 19th Amendment | Gave women the right to vote. President Woodrow Wilson encouraged congress to finally pass the law after he saw the patriotic attitude of woman during WWI. |
| Flu Epidemic of 1918 | The year is 1918 and that fall a flu spread around the world. It is believed that 30 million people died worldwide. |
| Schenck v. United States | Case where Charles Schenck argued that his arrest and conviction for publishing socialist pamphlets was against freedom of speech. He LOST. Supreme court stated that during times of war "what can be said during peace" will NOT be tolerated during war. Clear and present danger doctrine. |
| Fourteen Points | Woodrow Wilson's PLAN FOR PEACE after the war is over. |
| League of Nations | Point 14 of Wilson's Peace Plan. It was to be a body of nation's that together would solve problems together BEFORE going to war. |
| "Make Germany Pay" | Idea that the other world leaders had. They did NOT like Wilson's plan for peace. They wanted REVENGE against Germany. |
| The Big Four | Nickname given to the 4 main countries at the Treaty of Versailles peace meeting. 1) Woodrow Wilson 2) Clemenceau (France), 3) David Lolyd George (England), 4) Vittorio Orlando (Italy) |
| Treaty of Versailles | Established 9 new nations, accepted the League of Nations but NOTHING else of Woodrow Wilson's peace plan, made Germany pay reparations ($$$) and assigned Germany the War Guilt Clause |
| War Guilt Clause | Clause that stated that Germany was responsible for starting the war, all the deaths, and billion of dollars in losses. |
| 14 Points in America | Mostly hated by the public and Congress. American never joins the League of Nations but other nations do join. Woodrow Wilson is devastated. It was his plan after all and his own country doesn't participate. |
| Legacy of the War | Strengthened the US military and US government, accelerated social change for blacks and women, the Lost Generation (millions dead) |
| Europe after war | Destabilized, fascist organizations and dictators like Hitler rise to power. |
| Germany after the War | Made to pay reparations, humilated, and Hitler comes to power promising to seek vengeance for Germany's humilation. |
