| A | B |
|---|
| Major purpose of England's mercantilist policy | To ensure wealth, to acquire products from new territories |
| Reasons for England wanting to explore Virginia | Gold, Glory, God |
| Basis of Virginia colonies | Agricultural (tobacco), discovery |
| Aspects of Jamestown | Swampy, bad farming conditions, hostile towards Indians |
| Basis of New England colonies | Escape from religious persecution |
| A person who works for another person for years until contract is up; probably will not survive to end of contract | Indentured Servant |
| Religious group who wished to leave the Church of England | Pilgrims |
| Religious group who wished to purify the Church of England | Puritans |
| Settlers of New Amsterdam | Dutch |
| Why the Dutch established New Amsterdam | Competition with England, wanting to trade products such as fur |
| Aspects of colonial cities (Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York) | Cosmopolitan, around 20,000 people, non-agricultural, by the water, meant for trade |
| Aspect of family life | Paterfamilias, patriarchal |
| Right for married women | Inherited land after the death of a husband |
| Group in Boston who felt the Christians were moving too far from the Church of England | The Halfway Covenant |
| Why Harvard and Yale were established | To educate the youth, to teach them Christianity |
| Prevented anyone from settling westward | Proclamation of 1763 |
| Giving non-harmful space | Salutary Neglect |
| Given to the Colonists by Britain during the French and Indian War | Salutary Neglect |
| Put a tax on all written documents | Stamp Act |
| Giving one a "place" in a committee, but not giving them real representation | Virtual Representation |
| Actually participating in a committee | Actual Representation |
| Parts of the Declaration of Independence | Ideas of John Locke and grievances against the king |
| Innovations of the Transportation Revolution | New construction of roads, addition of canals, and the expansion of the railroads. |
| Inventor of the modern-day steamboat during the Transportation Revolution | Robert Fulton |
| Cheapened the market for trade and encouraged population movement west of the Appalachian Mountains | Transportation Revolution |
| Date of the Transportation Revolution | First half of the 1800's |
| Years of the Presidency of Thomas Jefferson | 1801-1809 |
| Third President of the United States | Thomas Jefferson |
| Author of the Declaration of Independence | Thomas Jefferson |
| Served as Secretary of State before Presidency | Thomas Jefferson |
| First President to reside in Washington D.C. | Thomas Jefferson |
| Nickname of Jefferson's taking of office | Revolution of 1800 |
| First time America changed presidential political leadership, from Federalist to Jeffersonian Republican | Revolution of 1800 |
| Political party created by Jefferson | Jeffersonian Republican |
| His embodiment of the Republican Party helped increase it's strength | Thomas Jefferson |
| Reason for the demise of the Federalist Party | Weak Leadership |
| Responsible for the Embargo of 1807 | Thomas Jefferson |
| Presided over the Louisiana Purchase | Thomas Jefferson |
| Supported state's rights | Thomas Jefferson |
| Inventor and manufacturer; invented the cotton gin | Eli Whitney |
| Year of the invention of the cotton gin | 1793 |
| Revolutionized the cotton industry, increased the need for slaves | Cotton Gin |
| Established the first factory to assemble muskets with interchangeable, standardized parts | Eli Whitney |
| The system of manufacture led by Eli Whitney | American System |
| System where laborers with less skill could use tools and templates to make identical parts | American System |
| Birth year-death year of Eli Whitney | 1765-1825 |
| Henry Clay's solution to deadlock over the issue of the acceptance of the proposed new state, Missouri | Missouri Compromise |
| Division of the Senate at the time of the Missouri Compromise | Slave and Free States |
| Problem with the Missouri Compromise | A slave state of Missouri would tip the balance of power |
| Settlement of the issue of the Missouri Compromise | Northern Massachusetts becomes a new free state (Maine) |
| Creator of the antislavery amendment meant to prohibit the growth of slavery into Missouri | John Tallmadge |
| Caused the Senate to block the Missouri Compromise; sparked heated debate about the future of slavery | The Tallmadge Amendment |
| Replacement of the legislative section prohibiting slavery in Missouri | Clause stating that all land of Louisiana Purchase north of thirty-six-thirty north latitude would prohibit slavery |
| Year the Missouri Compromise was made | 1820 |
| Span of Shays' Rebellion | 1786-1787 |
| Led a group of farmers to stop the courts from seizing a farmer's land and enacting debt collection | Daniel Shays |
| Reaction to Shays' Rebellion | Citizens of Boston raised an army and suppressed the rebels |
| Outcome of Shays' Rebellion | American felt pressure to strengthen government and avoid future violence |
| Period of Shay's Rebellion | Period of economic depression |
| Span of Whiskey Rebellion | 1794 |
| Western whiskey farmers refused to pay taxes on which Hamilton's revenue program was based | Whiskey Rebellion |
| Group of farmers terrorized tax collectors | Whiskey Rebellion |
| Washington's response to Whiskey Rebellion | Federalized militia |
| First test of federal authority | Whiskey Rebellion |
| Outcome of Whisky Rebellion | Established federal government's right to enforce laws |
| In order to emphasize their commitment to fighting the Whiskey Rebellion, Washington and Hamilton rode out to- | Pennsylvania |
| Year of the Pinckney Treaty | 1795 |
| Signed by the United States and Spain | Pinckney Treaty |
| Outcome of Pickney's Treaty | Free navigation of the Mississippi River given to US, US gains area north of Florida, gives western farmers right of deposit in New Orleans |
| Enabled western farmers to use the port for goods, making it easier to get goods to the East | Right of Deposit in New Orleans |
| Cemented Right of Deposit | Louisiana Purchase |
| Span of Anti-Federalist Party | 1780s-1790s |
| Those against adoption of the Constitution because of suspicion against centralized government ruling at a distance and limiting freedom | Anti-Federalists |
| Well-Known Anti-Federalists | George Mason, Patrick Henry, George Clinton |
| Many would come to oppose Hamilton and the Federalists | Anti-Federalists |
| Absorbed many of the Anti-Federalists after the Constitution was adopted | Jeffersonian Republican Party |
| Date of Federalist Party | 1788 |
| Americans who advocated centralized power and constitutional ratification | Federalists |
| Used The Federalist Papers to demonstrate how the Constitution was designed to prevent the abuse of power | Federalists |
| Supporters of Federalist platforms | Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay, northeastern business groups |
| Believed the government was given all powers that were not expressly denied to it by the Constitution; had loose interpretation of the Constitution | Federalists |
| Date of the Louisiana Purchase | April 30, 1803 |
| Purchased for $15 Million from France | Louisiana |
| How Jefferson made the Louisiana Purchase | Employed presidential power of treaty making |
| Jefferson's concern during the Louisiana Purchase | Was the constitutionality of purchasing land without having this authority granted by the Constitution |
| Size of US after the Louisiana Purchase | Doubled |
| Outcome of French North America after Louisiana Purchase | Removed from the western borders |
| Outcome of the Louisiana Purchase for farmers | Could now send goods (furs, grains, tobacco) down the Mississippi River and through New Orleans |
| What was created by the expansion westward | More states with Jeffersonian Republican representation; Federalists become a marginalized party |
| Basic outcome of the Louisiana Purchase | Opened land to agrarian expansion, helping fulfill one of the tenets of Jefferson's social ideology |
| Year of Marbury vs. Madison | 1803 |
| Commissioned justice of the peace in D.C. by President John Adams | William Marbury |
| Last day of John Adams' Presidency | Midnight appointments |
| Spark of Marbury vs. Madison | Marbury's commission to justice was not delivered, sued Jefferson's secretary of state, James Madison |
| Outcome of Marbury vs. Madison | Decision paved way for judicial review |
| Gave the courts power to declare statutes unconstitutional | Judicial Review |
| What Chief Justice John Marshall held about William Marbury | While Marbury was entitled to the commission, the statute for his remedy was unconstitutional |
| Why Marshall believed Marbury's remedy was unconstitutional | It granted the Supreme Court powers beyond what the Constitution permitted |
| Who felt Marbury's remedy was unconstitutional | Chief Justice John Marshall |
| Span of Kentucky and Virginia resolutions | 1798-1799 |
| Response by Jeffersonian Republicans to the Alien and Sedition Acts | Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions |
| Included text written by Jefferson and by Madison | Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions |
| Suggested that states should have the power within their territory to nullify federal laws | Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions |
| Represented a future argument that would be used when secession and Civil War threatened the country | Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions |
| Outcome of the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions | Called into question the paradox of the elastic Clause and the Tenth Amendment |
| Year of the Teat Act and Boston Tea Party | 1773 |
| Allowed the British East India Company to ship tea directly to America and sell it at a bargain; cheap tea undercut the local merchants | Tea Act |
| How the colonists responded to the Tea Act | Turned back ships, left shipments to rot, held ships in port |
| Citizens, dressed as Native Americans, destroyed tea on the British ships | Boston Tea Party |
| Year of Bacon's Rebellion | 1676 |
| Spark of Bacon's Rebellion | VA's local governor, William Berkeley, received strict instructions to run the colony for the benefit of Britain |
| Leader of colonial frontiersman in Virginia | Nathaniel Bacon |
| The granted rights Bacon rejected to | Virginia's wealthy inner circle |
| What angered Bacon | Berkeley's inability to protect Virginia from attacks by the Native Americans |
| Actions of Bacon | Commanded two unauthorized raids on Native American tribes, gathered forces, opposed royal governor, set fire to Jamestown |
| Outcome of Bacon's Rebellion | Ended by Berkeley with British military, Bacon arrested |
| What colonies turned away from after Bacon's Rebellion | Indentured Servitude |
| What colonies turned toward after Bacon's Rebellion | Slave Labor |
| Important dates of the Constitution | Signed September 17, 1787; ratified by required nine states June 21, 1788 |
| Drafted at the Constitutional Convention in Philly in 1787 | Constitution |
| Includes a preamble and seven articles | Constitution |
| Aspect of Constitution | Created a stronger federal government |
| First ten amendments of the Constitution | Bill of Rights |
| Job of the Bill of Rights | protect individual rights and freedoms |
| Important years of the Articles of Confederation | Submitted July 1776, ratified 1781 |
| Framework for an American national government; states had the most power | The Articles of Confederation |
| Empowered the federal government to make war, treaties and create new states | The Articles of Confederation |
| Issue with the Articles of Confederation | No federal empowerment to levy taxes, raise troops, or regulate commerce, |
| Outcome of the Congressional revision of the articles | Weak national government |
| A mother who teaches her children the duties of patriotism | Republican Mother |
| Declared the U.S. neutral to the disputes between Britain and France | Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 |
| The belief that reason and observation of the natural world show that nature, not God, is the creator of the Universe | Deism |
| Year of introduction for the Headright System | 1618 |
| System used by the Virginia Company to attract colonists | Headright System |
| Gave fifty acres for each servant that a colonist brought | Headright System |
| Year the Separatists landed at Plymouth | 1620 |
| Puritans who believed the Church of England was beyond saving and felt that they must separate from it | Separatists |
| Voyagers seeking to fulfill a religious mission | Pilgrims |
| Plymouth Colony's first governor | William Bradford |
| Provided a government guided by the majority in Plymouth | Mayflower Compact |
| Claimed to have special revelations from God that superseded the Bible, contrary to Puritan doctrine | Anne Hutchinson (1638) |
| Sentence of Anne Hutchinson | Banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony |
| Year of Gibbons vs. Ogden | 1824 |
| Determined that only Congress may regulate interstate commerce, including navigation | Gibbons vs. Ogden |
| Decision of Gibbons vs. Ogden | State monopoly was void |
| USe of this over state law made Gibbons vs. Ogden a division of powers case | Judicial Review |
| Span of the Embargo | 1807-1809 |
| American declaration to keep its own ships from leaving port for any foreign destination | Embargo |
| Why the Embargo act was issued | Jefferson hoped to avoid contact with vessels of either of the warring sides of the Napoleonic Wars |
| Result of the Embargo | Economic Depression |
| Year of New Hampshire's establishment | 1677 |
| Who established New Hampshire as a royal colony | King Charles II |
| Colony that remained economically dependent on Massachusetts | New Hampshire |
| Established a temporary constitution for itself proclaiming its independence from Britain weeks before the signing of the Declaration of Independence | New Hampshire |
| Span of the Navigation Acts | 1650-1673 |
| Boosted the prosperity of New Englanders, who engaged in large-scale shipbuilding | Navigation Acts |
| Hurt the residents of the Chesapeake by driving down the price of tobacco | Navigation Acts |
| Transferred wealth from America to Britain | Navigation Acts |
| Helped bring on a series of wars between England and Holland in the late 1600's | Mercantilism |
| Year and Month of the Second Continental Congress | May 1775 |
| Colonial representatives meeting in Philadelphia, presided over by John Hancock | The Second Continental Congress |
| Opened in defiance of the Navigation Acts | American ports |
| Moderates forced the adoption of the Olive Branch Petition in this meeting | The Second Continental Congress |
| Span of the first Continental Congress | September-October 1774 |
| Meeting to denounce the Intolerable Acts and the petition the British Parliament | First Continental Congress |
| Created Continental Association and forbade the importation and use of British goods | First Continental Congress |
| Formed a petition of taxing items imported into the colonies | Townshend Acts |
| Year of the Townshend Acts | 1767 |
| Led to boycotts of Boston merchants, a key contributor to the Boston Massacre | Townshend acts |
| Act of Congress to assist in settlement of the West; the sale of land provided federal revenue | Land Ordinance of 1785 |
| Described how the land north of the Ohio River could become sectioned into states; five states created | Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
| Year of the Quartering Act | 1765 |
| Year of the Sugar Act | 1764 |
| Years of William Pitt | 1708-1778 |
| Britain's capable and energetic prime minister | William Pitt |
| Years of the Lewis and Clark expeditions | 1803-1806 |
| Year of the Albany Plan | 1754 |
| Discussed plans for collective defense | Albany Plan |
| Years of the French and Indian War | 1748-1763 |
| Settlement that ended the Revolutionary War | Treaty of Paris of 1783 |
| Year and month of the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan | July 1787 |
| Called for bicameral legislature based on population and both the chief executive and judiciary to be chosen by legislature | Virginia Plan |
| Called for unicameral legislature with equal representation | New Jersey Plan |
| Year of the Great Compromise | 1787 |
| Called for a bicameral legislature system in which the House of Representatives would be based on population and the Senate would have equal representation in Congress | Great Compromise |
| Year of Jay's Treaty | 1794 |
| Provided for eventual evacuation by the British of their posts in the Northwest; allowed to continue the fur trade | Jay's Treaty |
| French representatives demanded a bribe from the U.S.; U.S. denied and suspended French trade | XYZ Affair of 1798 |
| Led to the creation of the American Navy | XYZ Affair of 1798 |
| First representative house in Virginia/America | House of Burgesses (1619) |
| Span of the First Great Awakening | 1720's-1740's |
| A series of emotional religious revivals occurring throughout the colonies and prevalent in New England | The First Great Awakening |
| Decade of the Halfway Covenant | 1690's |
| Decision by Puritan colony churches to allow the grandchildren of those who had the personal experience of conversion to participate in select church affairs | The Halfway Covenant |
| Believed economic activity should be regulated by the government | Mercantilists |
| Goal was to export more than import; served the mother country | Mercantilism |
| Criminals who demanded protection money from all nations whose ships sailed the Mediterranean | Barbary Pirates |
| Mastermind behind a Virginian slave rebellion in 1800 | Gabriel Prosser |
| A series of legislative decrees made by England that instituted its policy in warfare | Orders in Council (1807) |
| Treaty in which Spain ceded all of Florida to the United States and gave up its claims in the Pacific Northwest | Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 |
