| A | B |
|---|
| wave | a disturbance or vibration |
| amplitude | the maximum distance a wave rises or falls from rest position |
| frequency | the number of waves that pass a given point in one second |
| the unit for frequency | hertz |
| period | the time required for a wave to make a complete cycle |
| 1/frequency | period |
| wave speed = | wavelength times frequency |
| transverse wave | medium vibrates at right angles to the direction of wave travel |
| longitudinal wave | matter vibrates parallel to the direction of wave travel |
| refraction | the bending of a wave due to changes in speed |
| forced vibration | one vibrating object causes another to vibrate |
| natural frequency | a frequency at which an elastic object vibrates |
| resonance | the response of a body when a forced vibration matches its natural frequency |
| constructive interference | where two waves are in phase and combine by addition |
| destructive interference | where two waves are not in phase and combine by subtraction |
| Doppler effect | the apparent change in frequency due to the motion of the sound source |
| electromagnetic wave | a wave composed of vibrating electric and magnetic fields |
| diffraction | the bending of light as it passes around a barrier or narrow slit |
| polarization | the alignment of the transverse waves into a given pattern |
| the lowest frequency electromagnetic wave | radio |
| the highest frequency electromagnetic waves | gamma |
| the law of reflection | the angle of incidence = the angle of reflection |
| reflection | the bouncing back of a wave |
| photoelectric effect | where electrons are knocked out of the surface of a metal by high energy violet light |
| fiber optics use the principle of | total internal reflection |
| photon | a particle of light |
| convex lenses tend to ____ the image | magnify |
| concave lenses tend to make the image | smaller |
| are used to correct nearsightedness | concave lenses |
| are used to correct farsightedness | convex lenses |
| Your eye contains a ___ lens | convex |
| ___ visible light is refracted the most | violet |
| ___ visible light is refracted the least | red |
| as light goes from air to glass it | slows down and bends toward the normal |
| as sound goes from air to steel it | speeds up |
| an apple is red because it | reflects red light |
| as a firetruck siren approaches the pitch | increases |
| as a racecar passes you the pitch | decreases |
