| A | B |
|---|
| 6000 soldiers | a legion |
| legionaries | Roman soldiers |
| colonae | permanent roman military settlements |
| Carthage | most powerful trading city in the Mediterranean before the Punic wars |
| Punici | what Romans called Carthaginians (phoenician) |
| Punic wars | three conflicts between Rome and Carthaqe |
| indemnity | payment for damages (as in after a war) |
| hannibal | famous carthaginian general who invaded Italy |
| Scipio | Roman general who defeated Hannibal at Zama |
| mare nostrum | "our sea" - regarding the mediterranean sea - indicated the expanse of the Roman empire |
| provinces | conquered territory exploited by the Romans for profit |
| latifundia | large commercial farms |
| equites | a new middle class that emerged in Rome |
| tiberius gracchus | tribune - passed a law limiting the size of land distribution |
| gaius gracchus | tribune - gave land to farmers and dropped prices on grain for the poor |
| Marius | consul - gave poor people jobs by employing them in the army |
| Sulla | general - exiled marius and installed himself as dictator |
| triumverate | three rulers with equal power |
| Julius Caesar | appointed dictator for life after defeating Pompey |
| Octavian | eliminated Marc Antony and Marcus Lepidus to rule Rome as emperor |
