| A | B |
|---|
| piano | p--play softly |
| mezzo piano | mp--play moderatly soft |
| mezzo-forte | mf--play moderately loud |
| forte | f--play loudly |
| fortissimo | ff--play very loudly |
| fortississimo | fff--not generally accepted to be an actual musical term; means to play as loudly as possible but with good tone |
| forte-piano | fp--initial attack of the note is at forte dynamic but immediately becomes piano |
| mezzo forte piano | mfp--play the note moderately loudly at first but immediately decrease volume to soft |
| crescendo | cresc.--gradually increase volume |
| decrescendo | decresc.--gradually decrease volume |
| accent | play the note with increased emphasis |
| legato | play smooth and connected |
| staccato | play notes with much separation |
| tenuto | play note to full indicated rhythmic value |
| slur | play two notes of different plitch without tonguing in between |
| tie | connect the rhythmic values of multiple notes of same pitch; do not rearticulate the second pitch |
| maestoso | majestically |
| lirico | lyrically, as if singing |
| marcato | in a march like fashion |
| liassez Vibrar | l.v.--let ring |
| trill | tr.~--the rapid alteration of two tones a scale degree apart |
| simile | sim.--in a similar fashion |
