| A | B |
|---|
| energy | a property of matter that allows work to be done |
| kinetic energy | energy of motion |
| Einstein | developed the idea of the law of conservation of mass-energy through his equation E=mc2 |
| radiant energy | energy transferred by electromagnetic waves |
| inertia | resistance to change in motion |
| Newlands | showed that properties of elements repeat every 8th element, which is known as the law of octaves |
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| intermediate | a meterial made from raw matericals that will be used to make a consumer product |
| potential energy | energy of |
| Dobereiner | grouped 3 elements with similar properties with the middle element's mass halfway between the other two's into triads |
| Mendeleev | predicted the existence and properties of unknown elements with his periodic table based on atomic mass |
| Moseley | discovered the atomic number through the use of x-rays, leading to the modern periodic table |
| diatomic seven | hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine |
| catalyst | speeds up reaction |
| material | aany specific kind of matter |
| mixture | material consisting of 2 or more substances |
| phase | physically distinct section of matter that has boundaries to separate it from other matter |
| heterogeneous misture | misture that is not the same throughout |
| homogeneous mixture | mixture that has uniform set of properties |
| interface | boundary between 2 phases of matter |
| solution | homogeneous mixture in which a solute is dissolved in a solvent |
| solute | the substance present in lesser amount in a solution |
| solvent | substance present in greater amount in a solution |
| substance | material with a constant composition |
| element | substance whose atoms all have the same number of protons |
| compound | substance composed of 2 or more elements |
| physical change | change in which there is no change in the chemical composition |
| chemical change | change in which a new substance is formed |
| precision | how close a set of measurements are to each other |
| qualitative | description based on senses |
| accuracy | how close a measurement is to the true value |
| quantitative | description based on a measurement |
| Chadwick | discovered the neutron |
| Thomson | discovered the electron |
| Rutherford | discovered that atom is mostly empty space and nucleus |
| Geiger and Marsden | conducted gold foil experiment |
| Millikan | used oil drop experiment |
| Mosely | used x-ray to discover atomic number |
| Dalton | law of definate proportions |
| Newton | thought light was made of particles |
| Einstein | described photoelectric effect |
| Bequerel | found that uranium exposed sealed photographic fil |
| Curies | discovered that radium gave off rays |
| Planck | found a relationship between frequency and energy by heating iron |
| quantum number | numbers used to describe the behavior of an electron |
| electron cloud | region of space where an electron is likely to be found |
| principle quantum number | energy level, n |
| sublevel | subdivision of an energy level, l |
| orbital | space occupid by a pair of electrons, m |
| degenerate | orbitals that are equal in energy |
| Pauli exclusion principle | no 2 electrons share the same set of 4 quantum numbers |
| Dobereiner | developed triads |
| Newlands | developed law of octaves |
| Mendeleev | predicted elements that had not yet been discovered |
| Moseley | used atomic number to arrange elements in a periodic manner |
| periodic law | properties of elements repeat in a periodic manner |
| octet rule | atoms gain or lose electrons to have 8 valence electrons |
| nonmetal | gain electons, brittle solids or gases, insulators |
| metals | lose electrons, shiny solids, conducters |
