| A | B |
|---|
| Jan Hus | An early critic of the Catholic Church. He and John Wycliff felt that the church should NOT be selling indulgences. |
| John Wycliffe of England | An early church critic who felt the church was corrupt. |
| Indulgences | The Catholic church practice of selling "sin forgivness" to parishioners. "Pay the church and your sins are gone." Could there be an easier way to get to heaven? |
| Margery Kempe and Catherine of Siena | She believed that an individual could experience God directly in their hearts through prayer. |
| Martin Luther | A Catholic priest who, in 1517, wrote a series of 95 theses (discussion points) and nailed them to a church door as an invitation for debate. His ideas sparked the Protestant movement. |
| Ninety-Five Theses | Martin Luther's famous work that started the church reform movement. |
| Moveable type printing | It is because of this technology that Martin Luther's ideas spread like wild fire. More than one million copies of his work were distributed throughout Europe. |
| Justification by faith | After reading a passage from the Bible in a letter from St. Paul to the Romans, Martin Luther believed that the "path to God" was through "FAITH" alone. |
| Protestants | People who agreed with Martin Luther's criticisms of the Catholic church. |
| Lutheranism | The christian religion that is born from Luther's protestant beliefs. |
| Calvinism | These christians believed in the idea of "predestination" that God had already chosen who was going to heaven. |
| Anabaptists | They believed that the state was made up of sinners and that "true Christians" should form their own community. |
| The Act of Supremacy | The English Parliament passes a law that separates it from every country and religion,and it names the monarch of England the head of "The Church of England" on earth. |
| The Counter Reformation | The Catholic Church takes a stand against losing so many of its parishioners to the Reformation movement by working to correct church abuses and correct Protestant errors of Catholic beliefs. |
| The Inquisition | This was the Catholic Church's response to opposing religious beliefs attacking church doctrine. Many people are tortured, killed, or burned to death at the stake. |
| The Spanish Inquisition | SPAIN: King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella kick out all Jews from Spain. |
| The Great Schism | The Catholic Church has "Three" popes at the same time! Pope Clement VII and Pope Urban VI. |
| Joan of Arc | A seventeen year old French Farm girl who is directed by God to banish the English from France. |
| Hundred Year's War | The war between England and France. Technology changes to gunpowder signled the loss in effectiveness of knights. |
| heretic | A person whose personal views are found to be openly different or against the accepted views, teachings, or beliefs of the Catholic Church. |
| Humanism | a doctrine (belief) or attitude that is concerned primarily with human beings and their values, capacities, and achievements. |
| denomination | These are separate religious bodies that share the same larger faith. For example, Lutherans are protestants; who in turn are Christian. |
| Individualism | This was a belief that an individual should be free to develop and pursue his own goals. |
| simony | This was the church practice of selling official church positions of leadership. |
| papacy | The office of the pope. |
| mystics | These were people who believed that God could be experienced directly in one's heart through prayer. It was the idea that maybe...people didn't need the church. |
| new testament | The second part of the Christian Bible. It includes the writings of the early Christian religion. |
| old testament | The first part of the Christian Bible that matches to the Jewish Torah. |
| The "daufin" | The term Joan of Arc called Richard VII before he was crowned King of France. |
| The longbow | This was a technological advantage weapon for the English. It could pierce armor, and it allowed armies to be made of archers less skilled than knights. |
| The crossbow | It shot a short wooden arrow from a bow that one fired by pulling a trigger. It was powerful enough to pierce armor but it was innacurate. |
| Desiderius Erasmus | He was an outspoken humanist from Holland who wanted the church to reform from within. He argued that he was NOT a Protestant. |
| William Tyndale | He was an English priest, scholar, and writer who met with Martin Luther.He too translated the new and old testaments into English. His work helped create the "King James Bible."For his efforts he too was burned at the stake. |
