| A | B |
|---|
| Plato | Greek. Believed Philosopher king's represented best form of government. Wrote of an "allegory of thye Cave" (reality is not what we are necessarily seeing with our senses" in his major work THE REPUBLIC |
| Aristotole | Greek. student of Plato, tutor of Alexander the Great. Wrote NICOMACHEAN ETHICS and METAPHYICS. Also wrote about physics and science (though not always accurately). Associated with Metaphysics (state of being) |
| Ayn Rand | Russian American novelist. Focused on Objectivism (man should pursue his rational self-interest) big supporter of laissez faire capitalism as it protects individual rights. Hero to Libertarians. Famous works ATLAS SHRUGGED, THE FOUNTAINHEAD, ANTHEM |
| St. Thomas Aquinas | Italian Catholic Theologan form 1200s. Considered to be greatest teacher of theology in Catholic Church. famous work SUMMA THEOLOGICA |
| Karl Marx | German 19th century economist/writer, founder of Communism, COMMUNIST MANIFESTO, believed in "dictatorship of Proletariat" "each according to his ability, each according to his need" |
| Rene Descartes | French philosopher (1600s) one of the fathers of modern philsophy. Famous statement "I think, therefore I am" famous work MEDITATIONS ON 1st PHILOSOPHY |
| Ivan Pavlov | Russian physiologist, famous for conditioned reflex experiments using dogs |
| David Ricardo | English classical economist early 1800s. Famous for "law of comparitive advantage" (countries should mainly sell what they are best at making). Major arguments in favor of free trade between countries |
| Noam Chomsky | American philosopher and linguist. Father of Modern Linguistics. Current professor at M.I.T., favors "liberatarian socialism" bordering on anarchism, major critic of capitalism us foreign policy |
| Jean Piaget | 20th century Swiss psychologist/philospoher known for works on adolescent brain development |
| Arthur Laffer | American economist, associated with "Reagnomics" or "supply side economics" favored by most conservatives. Famoulsy argued that increased taxation eventually leads to decreased revenue for the government (known as "Laffer Curve," supposedly originally illustrated on a napkin). |
| Thomas Hobbes | English Philsopher 1600s, believed that order was ore important than freedom, argued in favor of absolute monarchies for controlling the evils of civil war. Famous work THE LEVIATHAN (a sea monster) |
| Friedrich Nietzche (nee chuh) | German philospher. famous 19th century"existentialist." Known for stating "God is Dead" believing that the secularization of the world killed belief in god and had impacts on morality and the world. Famous works THUS SPOKE ZARATHUSTRA, and THE ANTI-CHRIST |
| Niccolo Machiavelli | Italian renaissance political philosopher. Famous for THE PRINCE, "the ends justify the means" and "it is better to be feared than loved" |
| Carl Jung | founder of analytical psychology, pioneered dream analysis, famous for belief in collective unconcious, famous friend of Sigmund Freud, famous works PSYCHOLOGY OF THE UNCONCIOUS and THE RED BOOK |
| John Maynard Keynes | English economist from early 20th century. argued that government intervention and policies could effectively control the effects of recesssion and inflation. Founder of "Keynesian Economics" favored by Liberal democrats |
| Adam Smith | English economist, weote THE WEALTH OF NATIONS (1776) argued that government intervention and controls hindered an economy. Beliezed in "lassez-faire" economics, open market competition, and an "invisible hand" to guide prices. |
| Socrates | Greek Athenian Philospoher, teacher of Plato (who accounts are main way we know of his ideaS) famous for method of teaching by asking careful questions to help students draw conclusions). Sentenced to death (by drinking hemlock) for corrupting Athenian youth. famous quote: I know that I know nothing" |
| David Hume | Scottish Philosopher. believed in "Empiricism" that all knowledge comes from senses. Also wrote an important volume on History of England. famous work "A treatise on Human Nature" |
| Thomas Malthus | British economist, early 1800s famous for theories on population growth saying that population would outstrip earth's ability to provide resources |
| John Locke | English philospher. Believed in Natural rights of life liberty and pursuit of property. believed man entered government in order to have his property protected. famous wokr TWO TREATISES ON CIVIL GOVERNMENT |
| Immanuel Kant | German late 1700s philosopher. Famous work CRITIQUE OF PURE REASON known for transcendental idealism |
| Bertand Russel | British philsopher and mathematician, co-worte PRINCIPIA MATEMATICA (PM) famous book on foundations of math. Famous Pacifist who criticized HItler, Stalin, and US involvement in Vietnam |
| John Stuart Mill | british economist philosopher, believed in utilitarianism or ethics based on whatever is "the greatest good to the greates number" famous works ON LIBERTY, and UTILITARIANISM |
| Jeremy Bentham | English philopsopher, creater of Utilitarianism believed in just about every modern liberal thing you can think of. |
| Sigmund Freud | Austrian psychologist, founder of psycoanalysis, famous for Id, Ego and Superego as parts of human psyche. Wrote of the Oedipus complex concerning children and their mothers. famous works BEYOND THE PLEASURE PRINCIPLE, THE INTERPRETATION OF DREAMS |
| B.F. Skinner | 20th century American behaviorist/philosopher. focused on behaviorism and operant conditioning. Famous work VERBAL BEHAVIOR |
| Johann Wolfgang Goethe (Grr-tuh) | German literature and philsophy, mainly conservative in terms of politics, most famous work is FAUST |
