| A | B |
|---|
| mRNA | RNA copy of DNA instructions sent to ribosome |
| Transcription | DNA copies instructions into mRNA |
| Translation | mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA meet at ribosome to make a protein |
| Codon | 3 nitrogen bases in mRNA which code for a specific amino acid |
| tRNA | Cross shaped RNA molecule that carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome. |
| rRNA | RNA molecule that is part of ribosome: reads the mRNA code. |
| RNA polymerase | Enzyme that opens DNA and adds on free RNA nucleotides onto the sense strand of DNA. |
| mRNA splicing | Process that cuts out the introns from the mRNA transcript |
| Introns | Pieces of RNA transcript cut out that do not code for proteins. |
| Exons | Pieces of the RNA transcript that code for proteins. |
| Anticodon | 3 nitrogen bases in tRNA that match mRNA codons |
| P site | Site on ribosome that holds tRNA bearing the growing protein |
| A site | Site on ribosome that holds tRNA bearing next amino acid to be added to the chain. |
| Initiation | Methionine tRNA attaches to ribosome; Ribosome pieces come together. This is called translation: |
| Elongation | tRNAs continue to bring in amino acids to chain. This is called translation: |
| Termination | Ending tRNA attaches to stop codon; all pieces break apart. This is called translation: |
| E site | Site on the ribosome where the empty tRNA is exiting the ribosome. |
| Protein | Macromolecule that makes up all of the structures in your body. |
| Gene | The code on DNA that codes for one protein. |
| Amino acids | The building blocks of proteins. |
| Triplet | Group of three bases on DNA that code for an amino acid. |
| Twenty | The number of kinds of amino acids in living things. |
| DNA | Molecule that contains the codes for all of your proteins. |
| Nucleus | Where transcription takes place. |
| Cytoplasm on a ribosome | Translation occurs in the: |
| Ribosome | Organelle where protein synthesis takes place. |
| Ribose | Sugar found in RNA. |
| Deoxyribose | Sugar found in DNA. |
| Uracil | Base found in RNA but not in DNA. |
| Thymine | Base found in DNA but not in RNA. |
| Double stranded | DNA has two sides and so is said to be: |
| Single stranded | RNA has one side and so is said to be: |
| Helicase | Enzyme that uncoils DNA. |
| One (1) | Number of sides of the DNA molecule that are used for transcription. |
| Sense strand | Side of DNA used for transcription. |
| Nonsense strand | Side of DNA NOT used for transcription. |
| Free RNA nucleotides | Pieces of RNA floating in the nucleus from the food we eat. |
| Too big | DNA cannot leave the nucleus with its protein code because DNA is: |
| Codon chart | A table that contains all of the amino acids and their mRNA codes. |
| Stop codon | A group of three bases that stop the formation of the protein. |
| Methionine | This is usually the first amino acid to start the protein chain. |
| One (1) | The number of types of amino acids a single tRNA can bring in. |
| Codon | tRNAs know where to line up by matching their anticodon to mRNA's ___________. |
| Recycled | After translation, tRNA's and mRNA can be: |
| Peptide bonds | Bonds between the amino acids are called: |
| Peptidase | The enzyme that helps link amino acids together is called: |
| Release factor | Another name for the tRNA that matches to the stop codon is the: |
