| A | B |
|---|
| Temperature | Measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up object |
| Thermal energy | Sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy of particle that make up object |
| Heat | Energy tthat is transferred between objects due to a temperature difference between objects |
| Specific heat | Amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of material by 1 degree C |
| Thermal Energy Equation | Change in thermal energy (J) = mass (kg) times temperature change (C) times specific heat (J/kgC) |
| Conduction | Transfer of thermal energy by collisions between the particles that make up matter |
| Convection | Transfer of thermal energy in a fluid by the movements of warmer and cooler fluid |
| Radiation | Transfer of energy by electomagnetic waves, such as light and microwaves; matter is not present |
| Thermal insulator | Material through which thermal energy moves slowly |
| Solar collector | Device that transforms radiant energy from the Sun into thermal energy |
| Thermodynamics | Study of the relationships between thermal energy, heat and work |
| First Law of Thermodynamics | Mechanical energy of a system is constant, the increase in thermal energy of that system equals the sum of the thermal energy transfers into system and work done on system |
| Second Law of Thermodynamics | Energy spontaneously spreads from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration |
| Heat engine | Device that converts some thermal energy into mechanical energy |
| Internal combustion engine | Heat engine that burns fuel inside a set of cylinders |
| Steps for internal combustion engine | ICPE - intake; compression;power; exhaust |
