| A | B |
|---|
| sense | ability of the nrv sys to receive and react to environmental stimuli |
| transduction | process of converting physical nrg into a neural impulse |
| coding | specific pattern of neural activity that contains info about stimuli in the physical env |
| labeled-line coding | type of coding in which info about stimulus is det'd by the nrv carring that msg |
| across-fibre pattern coding | type of coding in which info about a stimulus in det'd by the pattern of neural impulses carried by 2 or more neurons |
| photoreceptors | receptors located at rear of eye that tranduce light into a neural impulse |
| cornea | transparent outer layer of eye |
| aqueous humor | clear fluid, similar to bld plasma that fills anterior cavity of eye |
| iris | bands of musles covered by colored portion of eye |
| pupil | opening in iris thru which light passes |
| lens | series of transparent, onion-like layers of tissue that change shape to focus images |
| ciliary muscles | muscles that control shape of lens |
| accommodat'n | change of shape of lens to focus a particular image |
| vitreous humor | clear, jelly-like fluid that fills posterior cavity of eye |
| retina | interior lining at back of eye comprised of 3 layers of neurons |
| bipolar cells | neurons that form middle layer of retina |
| ganglion cells | neurons that form outermost layer of retina |
| rod | type of photoreceptor concentrated at periphery of retina that is responsible for night vision |
| cone | type of photoreceptor concentrated in central region of retina that is responsible for acuity of daytime vision |
| fovea | central region of retina where a light stimulus is focused |
| optic disk | point at back of eye where axons fr ganglion cells come together |
| blind spot | lack fo photoreceptors at optic disk creates a place on retina where object can't be seen |
| optic nrvs | 2 nrvs formed by axons of ganglion after leaving optic disk |
| optic chiasm | place where 2 optic nrvs meet |
| optic tracts | fiber tracts or 2nd cranial nrvs that are formed by axons of ganglion cells learning optic chiasm |
| lateral geniculate nuc | neurons of thalamus that receive neural impulses via synpases fr axons of ganglion cells of retina |
| parvocellular layers | top 4 layers of primary visual cortex |
| magnocellular layers | bottom 2 layers of primary visual cortex |
| X ganglion cells | sm retinal ganglion cells tha project to parvocellular layers of primary visual cortex |
| Y ganglion cells | large retinal ganglion cells tha tproject to magnocellular layers of primary visual cortex |
| blobs | blob-shaped clusters of neurons in primary visual cortex that are sensitive to specific colours |
| secondary visual cortex | area that detects shape, colour, mvmt, and depth of light stimulus |
| visual field deficit | inability to see objects placed in particular part of visual field caused by damage to portion of one of cerebral hemispheres |
| hue | wavelength of light stimulus measured in nm (9) |
| brightness | intensity of light stimulus |
| saturation | purtiy of light stimulus |
| lamellae | thin membs contained in outer segmt of photoreceptor |
| photopigmt | chemical molecs embedded in lamellae that are responsible for detect'n of light |
| opsin | prot component of photopigmt |
| retinal | lipid component of photopigmtr that is synthesized fr VitA |
| rod opsin | form of opsin found in rods |
| rhodopsin | photopigmt found in rods, which consists of rod opsin and retinal |
| horizontal cell | type of retinal neuron that receives neual msgs fr photoreceptos and synapses w/ and has an inhibitory influence on bipolar cells |
| amacrine cell | type of retinal neuron that receive neural msgs fr bipolar cells and synapses w/ and in hibits both bipolar and ganglion cells |
| on ganglion cell | type of ganglion neuron that is excited by bipolar celsl in reponse to light stimulus |
| off ganglion cell | type of ganglion neuron that is inhibitted by amacine cells in presence of light and excited by termination of light stimulus due to removal of inhibition fr amacrine cells |
| on-off ganglion cells | type of galgion neurons that are excited by bipolar cells when a light stimulus is present and released fr inhibition by amacrine cells when light stimulus remvd |
| saccadic mvmts | rapid jerky mvmts of eye fr one pt to antoehr as physical envmt is scanned |
| pursuit mvmt | smooth eye mvmts that occur when eyes follow a mvg object |
| lateral inhibition | enhancemt of contrast btw light stimulus and its surround by inhibition of bipolar cells adjeacent to active photoreceptos, which allows detection of edges of light stimulus |
| receptive field | part of visual field to which a particular neuron is sensitive |
| center-on, surround-off ganglion cells | type of ganglion neurons that are stimulated when center of receptive field is illuminated |
| center-off, surround-on ganglion cells | type of ganglion neurons that are stimulared when surround is illuminated |
| simple cells | neurons in primary visual cortex that respond to lines (edges) in a specific part of visual field that have specific orientat'n (line-tilt) |
| complex cells | neuron in primary cisual cortex that are fey sisive to line stimulus orineted in particular direct'n, which can appear anywhere in receptire field |
| hypercomplex cells | neurons in primary visual cotext that respond to visual stimuli of a particulusr orientat'n and a speccifc length in particular locat'n w/in receptive field |
| higher-order hypercomplex cells | neurons in prmary cortex that respond to stimului of speicifc sizes and shapes |
| sine-wave gratings | alternating lighter and then darker intensities found in light stimulus |
| visula agnosia | following bilateral damage to inferotemporal cortex, inability to name an object when it 's presented visually but not when its presented in another modality |
| prosopagnosia | impaired ability to recog faces following damage to inferior prestriate area and adjacent portion so finferotemporal cortex |
| monocular depth cues | depth cues provided by each eye indisidually including relative size, overap, relative texture, relative height, linear perspective, relative brightness, and relative motion |
| binocular depth cues | depth cues provided by comparing images received by each of 2 eyes |
| component direct'n-selective neurons | neuron in primary visual cortex (Area VI) that detect mvmt of an object in one plane-horizontal, vertical or oblique |
| pattern direct'n-selective neurons | neurons located in middle-temporal (MT) cortex that combine info coming fr primary visual cortex to recog exact direct'n in which object is mvg |
| Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory | view that there are 3 dif sets of fibers (Rs) in eye: one that responds to blue, green and red |
| opponent-process theory | view that there are 6 stimuli that operated in opposing pairs: blue-yellow, green-red, and white-black. a dif R cell exists for each memb of an opponet pair, so there are 6 types of colour Rs |
| negative afterimage | lingering sensat';n of colour that is experiennce after staring at its complementary colour for some time |
| colour constancy | perception taht colour of an object remains same even under dif lightning conditions |
