| A | B |
|---|
| Monarchy | King or Queen rules by divine right and decides what is best for the state. |
| absolute monarchy | King or Queen holds supreme, unlimited power. |
| Voltaire | (a.k.a Francois-Marie Arouet) French philosopher for freedom of press and religious liberty. |
| Freedom of Expression | One to express themselves any way that is non violent. |
| "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it." | -Voltaire. No matter what his opinion was he afrees with the fact that there should be no limit to what one may say. |
| Jefferson | afreed with Locke's ideas about social contract government and indiviuals |
| Rousseau | French philosopher thought that people should rely more on instinct and emotion than just following what you are told. Influenced people to live humbler lives, closer to nature. People have the power to rule and the government gets there authority from the people |
| separation of powers | the government being divided among the three branches of government: the legislative (made laws), judicial (interpreted the laws and judged when they were violated), and executive (enforced the laws). |
| montesquieu | Wrote the Spirit of Laws- agreed with separation of powers-Believed in the rights of an individual- |
| Charles I | Ruled England from 1625-1649. His reign became the struggle between king and Parliament for supremacy that resulted in the English Civil War. |
| Martial law | Temperary military rule with no linitations and no individual rights |
| Petition of Right | OUtlaws abitrary arrest and no taxation without approval. |
| Cavaliers | royalists, remained loyal to King Charles I; nobles and church officials; strong military leaders |
| Roundheads | supporters of Parliament, Puritans, wore short hair, led by Oliver Cromwell, "New Model Army" |
| Cromwell | led Roundheads in battle against Cavaliers for the Parliment |
| New Model Army | Parliament's New Model Army was formed in 1645, the result of Parliaments better access to funds |
| Commonwealth | state governed by elected representatives |
| Charles II | ruled England from 1660-1685; The Restoration, "merry monarch" |
| James II | Ruled England from 1685-1689; Glees when William and Mary are asked to rule. |
| House of Lords | A part of the English Parliament, made up of upper class. |
| Bill of Rights | abolished cruel and unusual punishment and taxation without consent |
| Prime Minister | head of the amjority party in the Parliament |
| deism | The belief, based solely on reason, in a God who created the universe and then abandoned it, assuming no control over life, exerting no influence on natural phenomena, and giving no supernatural revelation. |
| Kepler | German astronomer and mathematician. Considered the founder of modern astronomy, he formulated three laws to describe how the palnets revolve around teh sun. |
| Copernicus | Polish astronomer who advanced the theory that Earth and the other planets revolve around the sun, disrupting the Ptolemaic system of astronomy. |
