| A | B |
|---|
| Sacraments | Sacred rites of the Church |
| Medieval | Like or having to do with the Middle Ages, the time from about A.D. 500 to 150 |
| Benedict | Italian monk who founded the Benedictine order about 540 (480-547). |
| Secular | Wordly, rather than religious, in nature |
| Fief | a tract of land given to a vassal in exchange for loyalty |
| Charter | A document that set out the rights and privileges of a town, colony, or people. |
| Tournament | A medieval contest between two groups of knights on horseback who fought for a prize |
| Pope Leo III | Pope who crowned Charlemagne as Holy Roman Emperor in A.D. 800 |
| Bill of Exchange | Issued by a banker in one city to a merchant who could exchange it for cash in a distant city |
| Charlemagne | Charles the Great, became Holy Roman Emperor who worked to bring political order to northwestern fringes of the Roman Empire |
| Apprentice | Works for an expert to learn a trade. |
| Manor | The castle and estate of a feudal lord |
| Journeyman | A skilled worker who practices some trade or handicraft. |
| Interdict | An order excluding an entire town, or region, from receiving most sacraments and Christian burial. |
| Papal Supremacy | A pope's authority over all secular rulers. |
| Excommunication | The act that deprives someone of membership in the church |
| Troubadour | Wandering poet in Europe in the Middle Ages. |
| Alcuin | hired by Charlemagne- develop new system of curriculum. |
| Knight | An armed mounted soldier of the feudal period who gives military service to a lord |
| Guild | A formal association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests. |
| Aaechen | A city in western Germany near the Dutch and Belgian borders; formerly it was Charlemagne's northern capital. |
| Serf | a member of the lowest feudal class, bound to the land and whoever owned the land |
| Curriculum | A course of academic studies. |
| Frontier | A newly settled or lightly settled area on the outskirts of a civilization. |
| Tenant Farmer | Someone who would pay rent to a Lord in order to farm the land |
| Simony | The selling of Church offices. |
| Usury | The act of lending money at an exorbitant rate of interest. |
| Feudalism | the economic and political system of the Middle Ages |
| Gaul | An ancient region and Roman province that included most of present-day France |
| Partnership | A contract between two or more persons who agree to pool talent and money and share profits or losses. |
| Tithe | Tax the Church required Christians to pay |
| Canon Law | Body of laws of a church |
| Capital | Money for investment |
| Middle Class | A new class of people , including merchants, artisans, and traders- who stood between the peasants and the nobles |
| Missi Dominici | Agents for Charlemagne who traveled throughout the empire the check the conditions of roads, listen to grievances, and see that justice was done. |
| Anti-Semitism | Prejudices toward Jews - discrimination against Jews |
| Vassal | A person who receives land and protection from a feudal lord in return for loyalty |
| Chivalry | The medieval principles of knighthood. |
| Feudal Contract | The bargain between a lord and his vassal |
| Clovis | A Frankish leader who adopted the Christianity of Rome |
