| A | B |
|---|
| cell | basic unit of structure and function in living things |
| cell theory | 1. all living things are made of cells 2. cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things 3. all cells come from other cells |
| unicellular | an organism composed of one cell |
| multicellular | an organism composed of more than one cell |
| cell membrane | structure that surrounds every cell, provides a barrier between inside of cell and external environment |
| cytoplasm | fluid that fills the space inside of a cell |
| organelles | structures inside of a cell that carry out the processes of life |
| nucleus | control center of the cell |
| mitochondria | breaks down nutrients to release energy |
| ribosomes | synthesize or make proteins |
| endoplasmic reticulum | forms a highway to move molecules inside the cell |
| golgi apparatus | modifies and packages proteins for use in the cell |
| lysosome | breaks down nutrients and old organelles, waste removal |
| eukaryote | a cell that has a distinct, membrane bound nucleus and organelles |
| chloroplast | store chlorophyll and serve as the site for photosynthesis |
| chlorophyll | green pigment that captures the energy of the sun for photosynthesis |
| reproduction | ability of cells or organisms to make more of themselves |
| cell division | when one cell divides to create two identical cells |
| cell cycle | continous process in which cells grow, make copies of their chromosomes and divide |
| mitosis | when the cell's nucleus divides and forms two new nuclei |
| meiosis | used to produce the cells animals use for sexual reproduction |
| gametes | sex cells |
| cellular respiration | process of a cell breaking down nutrients to release energy, takes place in the mitochondria in eukaryotes, in cytoplasm in prokaryotes |
| prokaryote | a cell without a distinct, membrane bound nucleus or organelles |
| photosynthesis | the process in which cells of plants and some other organisms use the energy of sunlight to make food |
| virus | a particle that consist of a nucleic acid enclosed in a protein shell that requires a living cell in order to reproduce |
| DNA | the nucleic acid responsible for carrying genetic information from one generation to the next |
| RNA | the nucleic acid used by most organisms for protein synthesis |
| capsid | protein shell that surrounds a virus |
| bacteria | unicellular, prokaryotic organism, made of cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm which contains hereditary material and ribosomes |
| disease | any change that disrupts the normal function of one or more body systems |
| noninfectious disease | diseases not spread from one organism to another |
| pathogen | any microbe(bacteria, virus, fungi, protist) that causes a disease |
| infectious disease | any disease caused by a microbe |
| contagions | a disease that can be spread from one organism to another |
| viral replication | when a virus makes copies of itself |
| mutagen | anything that changes the DNA of an organism |
| parasite | an organism that derives nourishment or habitat from the tissues or fluids of another organism, the host, usually sickens or weakens but doesn't kill the host |
| vector | an organism that helps a disease spread |
| epidemic | major outbreak of a disease |
| carrier | an organism that is infected with and can transmit a disease-causing microbe to another living thing, even though it shows no symptoms of the disease |
| contagious disease | a disease that can be spread from one person to another |
| sexually transmitted disease(STD) | disease that are spread by sexual contact with an infected person |
| mutate | change |
| pandemic | a world wide epidemic or outbreak of a disease |
| active immunity | obtained by exposure to a pathogen, body creates its own antibodies |
| antibody | a chemical substance that helps destroy pathogens |
| vaccine | a small dose or fragment of a weakened or dead version of a pathogen that is introduced into the human body to help the immune system fight disease, creates active immunity, used to fight both viral and bacterial diseases |
| antimicrobial product | a substance that is designed to kill microbes before they can enter the body |
| antibiotics | drugs that kill bacteria or prevent their reproduction |
| antibiotic resistance | when bacteria develop a tolerance to and survive treatment of drugs that once killed them |
| microbiologist | person who studies microbes |
| biotechnology | use of living organisms or parts of organisms to produce products used by people |
| genome | the complete sequence of an organism's DNA |
| genetic modification | a technology that changes the genetic material of a living organism |
| cloning | a technique that produces an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another |
