| A | B |
|---|
| Concert of Europe | a system in which Austria, Russia, Prussia, and Great Britain met periodically to discuss any problems affecting the peace of Europe; resulted from the post-Napoleon era Quadruple Alliance |
| Congress of Vienna | assembly of European leaders that met after the Napoleonic era to piece Europe back together; met from September 1814 to June 1815 |
| Reign of Terror | time period during the French Revolution from September 1793 to July 1794 when people in France were arrested for not supporting the revolution and many were executed |
| Tennis Court Oath | famous oath made on a tennis court by members of the Third Estate in France |
| Council of the Indies | group that the king set up to pass laws for the colonies and maintain control over the colonies |
| Mayflower Compact | a written agreement that the Pilgrims had about how they'd govern themselves |
| Treaty of Paris (1763) | officially ended the 7 years war; ensured British dominance in North America |
| 95 Theses | Written by Martin Luther. These were the 95 complaints he had against indulgences. |
| Peace of Augsburg | Signed in 1555 by Charles V allowed each German Prince to decide which religion would be followed in his lands. Either Catholic or Lutheran |
| The inquisition | Church Court set up during the middle ages. Used secret testimony, torture, and execution to root out heresy. |
| Line of Demarcation | Line established by Pope Alexander VI. Divided non European world into 2 zones. Spain had trading and exploration rights to the west of the line, Portugal to the East. |
| Treaty of Tordisillas | Signed by Spain and Portugal to set specific terms of Line of Demarcation. |
| New Laws of the Indies | Law forbade enslavement and abuse of Native Americans. Passed by Spain for new colonies. Did not have much effect |
| Jamestown Settlement | Established in 1607. Colony suffered in the early years, but turned around when started to grow tobacco |
| French and Indian War | War between British and France. Spread worldwide. |
| Middle Passage | 2nd leg of the Triangular trade. Slaves transported to America. Very hard journey |
| Columbian Exchange | Vast global exchange of foods, goods, diseases, animals and plants. |
| St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre | Massacre of thousands of Huguenots at a French Royal wedding by the Catholics. Many deaths followed for days. |
| Versailles | Enormous palace of Louis XIV. Most magnificent building in Europe |
| English Civil War | War between Charles I/Cavaliers and the Roundheads/Oliver Cromwell. Roundheads won and Cromwell ruled the commonwealth for several years. Fought because of absolute power of the monarch |
| The commonwealth | English Civil War |
| 30 years war | Series of wars beginning in Bohemia. Ferdinand Catholic king sought to suppress Protestants and to assert royal power over the nobles. 2 protestant noblemen tossed 2 royal officials out a window and a revolution began. Both sides brought in allies and war began |
| War of Austrian Succession | 8 years war. Started when Fredrick II of Prussia seized Hapsburg province of Silesia. Maria Theresa fought to gain throne. |
| St. Petersburg | Built by Peter the Great as the new capital of Russia. Forced Serfs to build |
| Partition of Poland | Catherine the Great, King Frederick II of Prussia, and Emperor Joseph II of Austria divided up Poland in order to avoid fighting one another. Catherine took part of Eastern Poland, Frederick and Joseph took control of West |
| National assembly | Delegates of the French Third Estate. Represented the people of France |
| Storming the Bastille | 800 Parisians stormed the Bastille prison demanding weapons and gunpowder |
| National Guard | Largely middle class militia organized in response to the arrival of royal troops in Paris. 1st group to wear the badge that turned into the flag of France. Led by Lafayette |
| Paris commune | Radical group that replaced the royalist government in Paris. |
| July 14, 1789 | Paris commune |
| August 4, 1789 | National Assembly voted to end their privileges. Agreed to give up their old manorial dues, exclusive hunting rights, special legal status, and exemption from taxes. |
| Declaration of the Rights of Man | Modeled in part on the Deceleration of Independence. All French Men were born and remain free and equal in rights. Natural rights to liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression |
| Women March on Versailles | 6,000 women march on Versailles shouting Bread. Women refused to leave until King returned to Paris, which he did. |
| Civil Constitution of the Clergy | 1790, Bishops and priests became elected, salaried officials under the states control. Ended Papal authority over French church and dissolved convents and monasteries. |
| Constitution of 1791 | Set up a limited monarch in place of the absolute monarch |
| Declaration of Pilnitz | Constitution of 1791 |
| Legislative Assembly | New legislative body that was put in charge of France in 1791. Lasted only a year. |
| Jacobins | Revolutionary political club. Mostly middle class lawyers or intellectuals |
| National Convention | New government after the Legislative Assembly. More radical, suffrage extended to all males. Voted to abolish monarchy and set up a republic. Controlled by Jacobins |
| Constitution of 1792 | National Convention |
| Committee of Public Safety | Set up to deal with threats to France. Prepared France for all out war. Had almost absolute power. 12 people |
| Constitution of 1795 | Set up a 5 man directory and a 2 house legislature elected by male citizens of property. Bourgeoisie were dominate |
| Directory | Leaders of France set up by the constitution of 1795, weak. Held power for 4 years |
| Consulate | 3 man governing board set up by Napoleon. He was 1st consul |
| Concordat of 1801 | Peace made with the catholic church by Napoleon. Kept church under state control, but recognized religious freedom for Catholics. |
| Napoleonic Code | New code of laws. Embodied Enlightenment principles such as the equality of all citizens before the law, religious toleration, and the abolition of feudalism. Undid some reforms of French Revolution. Women lost newly gains rights and could not exercise rights of citizenship. |
| Battle of Trafalgar | Napoleons attempt to invade Britain. Defeated by British Admiral Horatio Nelson. Napoleon proceeded to block off English ports |
| Continental System | Blockade designed by Napoleon to hurt Britain economically by closing European ports to British goods; ultimately unsuccessful |
| Battle of Austerlitz | Napoleon victory against Austro-Russian army of superior numbers |
| Battle of Wagram | Austria attacked Napoleon for a second time but lots. Austria surrendered lands populated by more than 3 million subjects |
| The Grand Army | Napoleon army of 20 nations. Formed in reaction to Tsar’s withdraw of support from the continental system. |
| Battle of the Nations | Russia, Britain, Austria, and Prussia form an alliance against France. Defeat Napoleon |
| Battle of Waterloo | British and Prussians defeat Napoleon after he regained power for 100 days. Napoleon was forced to abdicate and to go into exile. |
| Quadruple Alliance | Quadruple Alliance |
