| A | B |
|---|
| gametes | reproductive cells (Sperm, egg) |
| homologous chromosomes | similar in size, shape, and genetic content |
| diploid | contains two sets of chromosomes |
| haploid | one set of chromosomes |
| meiosis | halves the number of chromosomes |
| crossing-over | chromatids exchange genetic material (prophase I) |
| zygote | forms from the union of gametes during fertilization |
| independent assortment | random distribution of homologous chromosomes during meosis |
| sperm | male gamete produced as four cells during meiosis |
| ova | female gametes |
| somatic cells | body cells |
| germ cells | cells used in sexual reproduction |
| XY | male |
| XX | female |
| life cycle | all the events in the growth and development of an organism |
| alternation of generations | life cycle that alternates between a haploid and diploid phase |
| sporophyte | the diploid phase in plants |
| gametophyte | the haploid phase in plants |
