| A | B |
|---|
| Amylase | enzyme that hydrolyzes starch polymers to yield glucose and maltose |
| Carbohydrate | compound of carbon and water with the basic formula CnH2On |
| Examples of carbohydrates | glucose, sucrose (table sugar), starch, and cellulose |
| Cellulose | polymer of glucose |
| Examples of cellulose | cotton, wood, and paper |
| Reasons humans needs cellulose | cellulose helps prevent constipation and fights colon cancer |
| Fructose | ugar occurring naturally in a large number of fruits and honey. It is thesweetest of all common sugars |
| Galactose | simple sugar having the same chemical formula (C6H12O6) as glucose andfructose, but a different arrangement of its atoms |
| Glucose | simple sugar (C6H12O6) and the primary source of energy for all mammals and many plants |
| Glucose can also be called | dextrose, grape sugar, and corn sugar. It is about half as sweet as table sugar. |
| Hydrolysis | chemical process whereby a compound is cleaved into two or more simpler compounds with the uptake of the H and OH parts of a water molecule on either side of the chemical bond that is cleaved |
| Hemiacetal | product of the addition of an alcohol to an aldehyde |
| Isomers | wo or more molecules with the same number and kind of atoms, but different arrangements of those atoms. |
| Lactase | enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose into glucose and galactose, which can be absorbed into the bloodstream |
| Lactose | s a disaccharide composed of galactose and glucose linked by a beta-1,4-glycosidic bond. Lactose is found in cow’s milk and other dairy products. |
| Maltose | is a disaccharide composed of two molecules of glucose linked by an alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond. |
| Polymers | contain two or more monomers. Starch is a polymer of the monomer glucose.Protein is a polymer of amino acids. |
| Starch | is a polymer of glucose, linked by alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds. Starch is acomplex carbohydrate found in green plants, and an important source of energy for animals and humans. |
| Stereochemistry | branch of chemistry concerned with the spatial three-dimensional relations of atoms in molecules |
| Sucrose | is a disaccharide made up of glucose and fructose. |
| Sucrose is obtained | rom cane sugar, sorghum, and sugar beets |
| Sucrose is also known as | table sugar |
| Acetone | lear, colorless, flammable, fruity-smelling organic (carbon-containing) liquid used to make many other chemical compounds |
| Acetone can be found | in a diabetics urine. |
| Emulsion | is a property where two liquids are evenly spread out in each other, yet not dissolved in each other |
| Common emulsions are | oil, water and milk |
| fatty acid | carboxylic acid derived from or contained in an animal fat or vegetable oil. Fatty acids are the building blocks of fats, having hydrogen atoms attached to chains of carbon atoms. Fatty acids are found in every cell of the human body. |
| Insoluble | not capable of being dissolved. Fats are insoluble in water |
| Fats are soluble | in a solvent such as acetone |
| Lipase | eneric name given to a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of lipids |
| Lipids | compounds of fatty acids and glycerol. Lipids are the most efficient source of fuel in living things; they are stored beneath the skin in animals and the human, and mostly in the seeds of plants. |
| Lipids that are liquid at room temp | are oils. |
| Lipids that are solid at room temp | are fats. |
| Cholesterol | sterol compound made by animals and is used to make certain steroid hormones in the body. It is not found in plants. |
| Mass | quantity of atoms or matter in an object |
| Organic | related to the branch of chemistry dealing with carbon compounds |
| Quantitative | describes a measurable amount or number value for something. For example, a white, round (qualitative) piece of filter paper weighs 1.32 grams (quantitative). |
| Soluble | capable of being dissolved |
| Solutes | gasses or solids that dissolve |
| Solvent | liquid that does the dissolving |
